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Argument Writing

Argument Writing. “Argument literacy is fund a mental to being educated … Because argument is not standard in most school curricula, only 20% of those who enter college are prepared in this respect.” Gerald Graff, 2003 ( Common Core, Appendix A). What is an argument?.

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Argument Writing

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  1. Argument Writing “Argument literacy is fundamental to being educated… Because argument is not standard in most school curricula, only 20% of those who enter college are prepared in this respect.” Gerald Graff, 2003 (Common Core, AppendixA)

  2. What is an argument? An argument is a “claim” that must be supported by evidence.

  3. Persuasion vs. Argument — Differences

  4. Takes a clear position Is debatable – people could reasonably have different opinions on the issue Is narrow enough to be supported effectively within the scope of the assignment An Effective Claim

  5. Teaching How to Focus a Claim • A claim is a statement with which others may agree or disagree. It is not an opinion. • Non-claim Margot is the sympathetic figure in the story “All Summer in a Day.” • Claim Revision Margot misses the anticipated hour of sun because of her classmates’ actions, but she has really brought this punishment on herself.

  6. Types of Claims • Claims of cause and effect • Argues that one person, thing, or event caused something else to occur • Claims of definition or fact • Argues what a definition is or if something accepted as a “fact” is really so • Claims about values • Argues the worth of something and whether we value it or not. • Claims about solutions or policies • Argues for or against specific approaches to problems.

  7. Why Address Counterclaims? Acknowledging counterclaims — • Enhances the writer’s credibility and thoroughness • Recognizes that the reader may have a different point of view. “Conceding that the opposing point is valid and then building upon it to further one’s own claim allows a writer to make the audience feel appreciated without giving up her or his own position.” http://www.winthrop.edu/wcenter/wcenter/toulmin.htm

  8. Organizational Structure Introduction • Present the claim – a debatable statement Body • Present evidence to support the claim • Cite credible sources • Make a connection between the evidence and the claim • Present counterclaim(s) • Cite credible sources • Make a connection between the evidence and the claim Conclusion • Concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented

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