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Early Us Industry

Early Us Industry. Chapter 5.2. Introduction. “A technological revolution in transportation and industry swept through the North. This revolution led to dramatic social and economic changes. Early industrialization also led to the growth of towns and cities

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Early Us Industry

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  1. Early Us Industry Chapter 5.2

  2. Introduction • “A technological revolution in transportation and industry swept through the North. This revolution led to dramatic social and economic changes. Early industrialization also led to the growth of towns and cities • In the summer of 1817 , the _____________________was finished, connecting the Hudson River to Albany (363 miles) • An example of the striking revolution that would occur in the US transportation

  3. Roads and Turnpikes • As early as 1806 Congress found the ___________________ • Started in Cumberland Maryland and reached Wheeling West Virginia • Paralleled the route GW took during the French and Indian War • Conestoga wagon teams pulled migrating families _________ • Livestock and wagonloads traveled ________________ • Was only national road of the time • Madison believed the ____________________________ did not support federal funds for national roads • States, towns, and businesses took the initiative • By 1821 4,000 miles of toll roads were built, mainly to connect Eastern Cities, very profitable for road owners

  4. Steamboats and Canals • ___________________and Livingston’s steamboat chugged 150 miles from NYC to Albany in just 32 hours • Made river travel more reliable and people became used to a ___________________________ • By 1850, ____________________________ steamboats were on the nation’s waterways • Also spurred ________________ growth, by 1850 over 700 steamboats were on the nation’s waterways

  5. The Iron Horse • Railroad developed in the early 1800s • Cooper built the first American locomotive the Tom Thumb in 1830 (1o miles/hr along 13 miles of track Baltimore to Ellicott City MD). • __________________________– pollution, noisy, and dangerous • __________________________________– Much faster and powerful than “beasts of burden • Created______________________________markets for goods • Between 1830-1861 – more than 30,000 miles of track laid • Needed new rails built, steel industry needed coal to fire furnaces, hence the ____________________________ industry became very profitable and increased production.

  6. A New System of Production • The Industrial Revolution (Britain) • Began in Britain in the _______________________________ • Shift from hand tools to machines • Artisans shifted to unskilled task workers • Factories • Sold products nationwide and overseas • US Industrial Revolution • Started in _______________________________ • Reasons for Birth of Industry • _________________________________Industry – one could raise money, encouraged competition, low taxes • Easy ____________________________________laws, issuing stock without a charter • Limited ___________________________ • Began in the Northeast – investors invested in British industrial techniques

  7. Industrial Revolution Cont… • Importing British Tech • Not easy – British law______________________sharing tech with foreigners • Slater built a British _____________________________from memory • Stretched cotton into thread • Francis C. ______________________opened textile mills in MA in 1814 • Based on British Mills • Built residences for workers who were ___________________and children • Dozens of mills by 1840 in Northeast – production of lumber, shoes, leather, wagons, and other products.

  8. Technological Advances • Eli Whitney • ___________________– popularized interchangeable parts • Utilized in gun manufacturing • Morse –____________________in 1832 and developed Morse code for sending messages. • By 1844 the first long-distance telegraph line connected Washington, D.C. and Baltimore • Utilized for news – ___________________was formed to transport news • More than 50,000 wires connected the US by 1860

  9. The Rise of Large Cities • Thousands of people___________________from farms to villages for factory jobs with higher wages • Many ___________________________ double or tripled • By 1860 ___________________cities had reached 100,000 people • Printers and publishers greatly increased • 75 percent of the total population was _______________ • 90 percent of white population could read

  10. Workers Begin to Organize • ______________________ million factory workers in 1860 • When prices slumped wages dropped and workers were upset. • Labor _________________________ were formed to address grievances • By 1820 _____________________men and women belonged to unions • Pushed for higher wages and a 10 hour workday • Went on Strike • The courts often ruled against labor unions and strikes • President Van Buren _______________ the workday for federal employees to 10 hours • In Commonwealth v. Hunt, MA Supreme Court ruled union strikes were ______________________

  11. Life in the Northern Cities • ___________________________________________________________________dept established • Due to rising crime and labor riots • ____________________________________________________________Dept established • Mostly wood structures and crowded • ______________________________________________Conditions • Animal waste, human waste (no sewer systems) • Contaminated public water supply • Cholera, Typhoid, and yellow fever were rampant • ___________________________________________________________________________Structure • Two Parents, many children, infant mortality rate was high • Men worked outside the house and women also worked • _____________________________________________________________ • Higher education was not available to women until 1830 • Public education did not exist until the 1850s in some cities • Some would attend school until high school, wealthy could afford college, working class boys might join workforce directly • ______________________________________________________________________ • Runaway slaves were given freedom • Many worked as doc workers and sailors • Small middle class emerged in Philadelphia and NYC

  12. Life on the Farm in the North • ____________________________________was the nations leading activity • Entire family shared work • Fields plowed, animals cared for, items fixed, yarn weaved • Until late in the 19th Century, farming employed _____________________________people and produced more wealth than any other industry • ______________________________was sold in cities • Eventually focused more on ____________________

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