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Chapter 2: Alkanes

Chapter 2: Alkanes. Alkanes from Carbon and Hydrogen. Alkanes are carbon compounds that contain only single bonds. The simplest alkanes are hydrocarbons – compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are used mainly as fuels, solvents and lubricants:. Hydrocarbons.

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Chapter 2: Alkanes

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  1. Chapter 2: Alkanes

  2. Alkanes from Carbon and Hydrogen • Alkanes are carbon compounds that contain only single bonds. • The simplest alkanes are hydrocarbons – compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. • Hydrocarbons are used mainly as fuels, solvents and lubricants:

  3. Hydrocarbons

  4. Hydrocarbons

  5. Hydrocarbons

  6. Hydrocarbons

  7. Hydrocarbons

  8. IUPAC System of Naming Organic Compounds

  9. IUPAC System of Naming Organic Compounds

  10. Naming Branches as “Groups”

  11. Naming Branches as “Groups”

  12. Structural Isomers How many structural isomers – compounds with the same chemical formula but different connectivity – are there with the formula C7H16?

  13. Structural Isomers How many structural isomers – compounds with the same chemical formula but different connectivity – are there with the formula C7H16?

  14. Methyl and Ethyl Compounds

  15. Methyl and Ethyl Compounds

  16. Propyl Compounds

  17. Structural Isomers of C7H16 Cycloheptane contains two fewer hydrogens than heptane. They are not structural isomers.

  18. Cycloalkanes

  19. Naming Cycloalkanes Unlike "floppy" chains, rings have an additional consideration for multiple substitutions: The above compounds are not structural isomers. Their connectivity is identical. They are stereoisomers– compounds that differ in how substituents are arranged in space

  20. Naming Cycloalkanes

  21. Naming Cycloalkanes

  22. 3-Dimensional Structure/VSEPR Theory

  23. 3-Dimensional Structure

  24. 3-Dimensional Structure

  25. 3-Dimensional Structure Molecules that differ by only rotations around single bonds are conformational Isomers.

  26. 3-Dimensional Structure How can these molecular shapes arise from bonding between the available orbitals?

  27. Hybridization

  28. Hybridization

  29. Hybridization

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