Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics.

1. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Using co-design techniques to increase the reliability of the Electronic controlSystem for a Multilevel Power Converter Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics. University of Alcalá (Spain) fjrs@depeca.uah.es Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

2. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

3. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

4. Power Electronic System VSC 2 P VSC 1 Sa2 Sc2 Sb2 Sa2 Sb2 Sc2 vP CDC2 Grid filter Dc2 Da2 Db2 Da2 Db2 Dc2 3*L1 3*L2 PCC Sa1 Sc1 Sb1 Sa1 Sb1 Sc1 iNP1 iNP2 NP Da1 Dc1 Da1 Db1 AC motor Db1 Dc1 Distribution line 3*Co Sa2 Sc2 Sb2 Sa2 Sb2 Sc2 vN CDC1 Sc1 Sa1 Sa1 Sb1 Sb1 Sc1 N Control Electronic System University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Introduction: System to control Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

5. iDC1 Distribution line iDC2 VSC1 VSC2 P AC motor 3*L2 3*L1 PCC CDC2 NP CDC1 N 3*Co 12 pulses 12 pulses uDC meas. NP Voltage Balancing Controller PWM generator PWM generator Machine measurements Grid voltage meas. SPLL Grid current meas. Current controller uDC controller Current controller Machine controller High level controller Turbine controller Control of VSC connected to the grid Control of VSC connected to the AC machine • References from the grid operator University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Introduction: Control Electronic System Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

6. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

7. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Objectives • The main objective is to increase the reliability of the electronic control system, applying codesign techniques. • This objective will be achieve by means of several partial objectives: • Hardware and software reliability modelling • New codesign algorithms, that take into account time, area, power and reliability restrictions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

8. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

9. Analog signals Adaptation of analog signals Optical transmitters Driving of IGBTs To IGBT drivers Faults of IGBT drivers Data acquisition A/D conversion Optical receivers Computational Module 12 bits FPGA-DSP Interface Driving of relays To control the converter breakers Relays DSP FPGA Processor Module Coprocessor Module System references University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Block diagram of the Control Electronic System MAX1309 TMS320C6713 SPARTAN II Ts=200μs Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

10. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Analysis of the tasks executed by the “Computational Module” Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

11. Start main() and init_system() No t(k)=k·T =k·200 ? s S c_int(5) Yes ? Any hardware Data acquisition fault? Yes ? c_in t(4) + Yes Any fault? + No acquisition_data() System protection Output of controller system_protection() reference_PWM() Stop PI SPLL spll_pi() DSC dsc() DC_bus controller dcbuscontroller() c_int(5) Control algorithm Current controller currentcontroller() University of Alcalá Department of Electronics DSP Programming Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

12. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics FPGA Programming Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

13. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Timing events in the DSP and FPGA Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

14. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

15. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Reliability calculation • Reliability definition: • Is the probability that a component will perform its intended function satisfactorily for a period of time [t0,t], given that the component was working properly at time t0 Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

16. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Reliability calculation • Hardware reliability: • Error in semiconductor devices: soft errors. • Due to external radiations, impurities in the devices, etc. • Evaluation of soft errors [Tosun, et al. 05][Alexandrescu, et al. 02] • Simulation. • Fault injection. • As the result of this evaluation, it can be obtained a table with the reliability of some basic elements: adder, multiplier, etc. Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

17. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Reliability calculation • Hardware reliability: • Reliability of some basic device implemented in FPGA [Tosun, et al. 05][Alexandrescu, et al. 02] Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

18. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Reliability calculation • Software reliability: • Definition: • The probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment . • To model and predict software reliability, a SRGM (software reliability growth model) can be used. Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

19. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Reliability calculation • A. Acquisition data. • B. PWM generation (carrier frequency 2 2.5KHz and 24signals) • C. Identification of different disturbances • D. SPLL . • E. DSC (Delay Signal Cancellation) • F. DC-bus voltage controller. • G. Current vectorial controller. • H. Vectorial controller. • I. Turbine controller. Tracking of the mnmaximum power point. • J. Encoders reading. • Appling hardware and software reliability models and estimation algorithms, the following table (technology library) can be obtained for the digital control system tasks: Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

20. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Codesign algorithm • In order to increase the overall digital control system reliability, we use a partition algorithm that take into account several parameters: • Reliability, time processing, delay and area. • Our co-design methodology consists of the following steps: • Obtaining an initial solution by allocating the most reliable elements from the technology library to each task. • To make adjustments to fulfill the specification delay, the specification area and other design requirements. • To apply Engineering Software Reliability to the tasks implemented in DSP. Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

21. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

22. Optical transmitters ADCs Interface Board Relays Optical receivers Link Board DIGILAB 2E TMS320C6713 DSK University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Experimental Setup Acquisition card Digital Signal Processing Glue logic Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

23. Control algorithm execution TS k-1 k k+1 k+2 University of Alcalá Department of Electronics DSP execution Number of cycles Execution graph Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

24. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Task distribution • Applying the codesign algorithm, the task distribution is: Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

25. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Overview of the Processing System • Proposals to apply co-design techniques • Experimental results • Conclusions Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

26. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Conclusions • A co-design algorithm has been presented, based on applying the metric reliability of hardware and software, in order to improve the performance of a processing system that uses FPGA and DSP. • Future works: • Accurate evaluation of hardware and software reliability. • New co-design algorithms (partitioning task between other processing units) Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006

27. University of Alcalá Department of Electronics Using co-design techniques to increase the reliability of the Electronic controlSystem for a Multilevel Power Converter ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work has been financied by the Spanish administration (ENE2005-08721-C04-01) Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics. University of Alcalá (Spain) fjrs@depeca.uah.es Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies IECON 2006