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Events Lead to WAR QUIZ

Events Lead to WAR QUIZ. French & Indian War 1 st Quarter 2 nd Quarter 3 rd Quarter 4 th Quarter American Revolution Early Battles. Military Actions. Peace Actions. 2 nd Continental Congress. Declaration of Independence. “The Road To War”.

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Events Lead to WAR QUIZ

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  1. Events Lead to WARQUIZ French & Indian War • 1st Quarter • 2nd Quarter • 3rd Quarter • 4th Quarter American Revolution Early Battles

  2. Military Actions Peace Actions 2nd Continental Congress Declaration of Independence

  3. “The Road To War”

  4. On January 1, 1776, the Continental Army was reorganized in accordance with a Congressional resolution which placed American forces under George Washington's control. On that New Year's Day the Continental Army was laying siege to Boston which had been taken over by the British Army. Washington ordered the Grand Union flag hoisted above his base at Prospect Hill. It had 13 alternate red and white stripes and the British Union Jack in the upper left-hand corner. 

  5. Burgoyne Clinton Howe

  6. After Lexington & Concord • 2nd Continental Congress meets • Siege of Boston • 20,000 Troops • Fort Ticonderoga • Ethan Allen & Green Mtn. Boys • Cannons for the Siege • HENRY KNOX • Battle of Bunker Hill • Breed’s Hill • Burgoyne, Clinton & Howe • DECLARATION of INDEPENDENCE

  7. May 1776 2nd Continental Congress • Richard Henry Lee - “ These United Colonies are, and of a right ought to be, free and independent states” • John Adams(Ma) Thomas Jefferson(Va) • Benjamin Franklin(Pn) • Robert Livingston(NY) Roger Sherman(C) • “SLAVERY PARAGRAPH” • Abigail Adams ( women’s rights )

  8. STRONG NAVY Largest in WORLD FACTORIES Milt. ENGINEERS NONCOMMISSION OFFICERS CENTRAL GOV’T WEALTH SUPPORT of it’s PEOPLE SHORT TROOPS (MERCENARIES) -Hessians 3,000 MILES Away Logistics/coordinate UNFAMILIAR GROUND SMOOTHBORE WEAPONS Less accurate MASS produced BRITISH + -

  9. Idealistic “Cause” Risk Everything Familiar Ground Warfare Tactics Guerilla warfare Rifles (Rifling) More accurate Individuals (frontier) NO Navy NO Organized Military NO Central Gov’t NO Finances NO Full Support of the PEOPLE AMERICANS + -

  10. The War People & Strategies • Loyalists Oppose Popular Rule “the rule of people” • Class Prejudices • The Great Masses are: • ILLITERATE / STUPID / EMOTIONAL • Loyalists (Tories) • Reason for Loyalty • Economic (business / trade) • Class

  11. The War People & Strategies • Patriots • Risk EVERYTHING • more African-Americans will support the Revolution than England • Financing the War • LEVY Taxes in first year • individual states issued War Bonds • Army - Limited time service (6mth-Yr) • Navy (Privateers) John Paul Jones

  12. War at SEA British Blockade Privateers John Paul Jones (Bonhomme Richard) “I have not yet begun to fight”

  13. NEW YORK: Aug. 22,1776 Landings Washington 20,000 many untrained Howe 32,000 (8,000 Hessians) - Long Island -White Plains - Brooklyn Heights – NY taken Nathan Hale“I regret that I have but one live to give for my country” • Retreats into New Jersey • TRENTON 12/24/76 “Delaware River” 1,400 Hessians captured (5 casualties) • PRINCETON1/3/77 • “Patriot Moral Victories”

  14. -August New York Attacked -Retreat into New Jersey -Christmas Eve (Trenton) 1777 -Jan Princeton -Burgoyne Attacks from Canada -Oct. Saratoga (turning point) -Howe attacks Philadelphia Early Events Lead to REVOLUTION *Brandywine *German Town Winter of Valley Forge -Frederick Von Stueben -Casamir Pulaski 1778 * Monmouth - Molly Pitcher *French Involvement Changes 1775 -April Lexington & Concord -May Fort Ticonderoga -June Bunker Hill -July Olive Branch Petition 1776 -King Responds with Troops -Thomas Paine (Common Sense) -July Declaration of Indep

  15. Gen. Burgoyne marches from Canada toward Albany 7,000 troops • takes Fort Ticonderoga -looses Hessian troops at the “Battle of Bennington” • Burgoyne’s troops “harrassed” all along the way – Daniel Morgan (frontier Rifleman) • SARATOGA - Oct. 17,1777 surrenders to Gen. Horatio Gates (Turning Point) • - Feb. 1778 France recognizes U.S. - 1779 Spain / 1780 Netherlands

  16. Aug. 25, 1777 Howe - attacks Philadelphia • -Sept. Brandywine try to stop British • -Sept. 25 British capture Philadelphia • -Oct. 4 Germantown – Fog saves • Monmouth – Molly Pitcher • Money Problems • Bonds / Inflation

  17. “Valley Forge” -11,000 troops, Short of Supplies Hardships / Suffering • Foreign Officers Train Troops • Friedrich von Steuben (Prussian) train american troops • Casimir Pulaski (Polish) Cavalry Unit

  18. Chapter 4 – Section 4“WAR IN THE SOUTH”

  19. -August New York Attacked -Retreat into New Jersey -Christmas Eve (Trenton) 1777 -Jan Princeton -Burgoyne Attacks from Canada -Oct. Saratoga (turning point) -Howe attacks Philadelphia *Brandywine Creek *German Town Winter of Valley Forge -Frederick Von Stueben -Casamir Pulaski 1778 -French Involvement Changes -Monmouth *Molly Pitcher 1775 -April Lexington & Concord -May Fort Ticonderoga -June Bunker Hill -July Olive Branch Petition 1776 -King's Responds with Troops -Thomas Paine (Common Sense) -July Declaration of Indep WAR in the -North West & South

  20. NORTHWEST TERRITORY

  21. 1778 - George Rogers Clark and his Virginia Volunteers travel Ohio River capture British Forts • Feb. 1779 – will travel miles through frozen rivers - chest deep with NO deserters • BATTLE VINCENNES • NOW we will claim the whole Ohio Valley NORTHWEST TERRITORY after the war

  22. Chapter 4 – Section 4“WAR IN THE SOUTH”

  23. Fall 1778 British take Savannah • May 1780 Cornwallis/ Clinton take Charles Town (Capture 5,500 rebels) • Camdensmashes only American forces left to defend the South

  24. “Guerrilla warfare” rebels like: Francis Marion (swamp fox) Andrew Pickens and Thomas Sumter • Kings Mtn,NC (Bunker Hill in reverse) • Cowpens,SC(Daniel Morgan) leads Southern Army • Guilford Court, NC Cornwallis to Virginia • Cornwallis is VULNERABLE

  25. YORKTOWN &“FINAL VICTORY”

  26. By 1780, French had joined the war • Marquis de Lafayette “idea” -Combine armies & attack Cornwallis • French Fleet attacks “Chesapeake Bay” (Cut-off British Army) • 8,000 French / 9,000 American troops • Oct. 19, 1781 Cornwallis Surrenders • YORKTOWN -WAR IS OVER

  27. Unit 2 TEST TUESDAY • “French & Indian War” Ch. 3-4 • “Stirrings of Rebellion” Ch. 4-1 • “Ideas Influence Revolution” Ch. 4-2 • Enlightenment Philosophers*Great Awakening • Declaration of Independence (3 Dem. Ideas) • “Battling Toward Saratoga” Ch. 4-3 • #1 battles #2 battles #3 battles • “Winning the War” Ch. 4-4 • Vincennes (NW) - #4 Southern Battles • Treaty of Paris of 1783 (terms/conditions) • Mississippi River - Northwest Territories • Effects of the Revolution • Social * Economic * Political

  28. YORKTOWN, VICTORY and Starting a NATION Oct. 19, 1781 - Yorktown 7,000 British troops captured

  29. Final Moments to Independence • British still hold New York, Savannah & Charleston • March 1782 King George III New ministers – war too costly • Paris delegates • Benjamin Franklin • John Adams • John Jay • Treaty of Paris of 1783 • Terms & Conditions

  30. Why We WON * British successful in occupying cities but not countryside * British depended on support from the sea + Americans knew the land + Foreign support • French Fleet • Spanish attack Mississippi Valley & Gulf + Washington’s leadership abilities + Determination / Spirit of Patriots • Small % of individuals with determination SACRIFICE and CREATED the United States

  31. NorthWest Territories • Treaty of Paris of 1783 • Independent Nation • Right to use waters off coast of Canada • Florida (Spain) • Mississippi River Boundary (NW terr.) • Respect our right to Trade on Miss. • British promise to withdraw troops from Forts throughout NW Territory

  32. The American RevolutionChanges the World

  33. SOCIAL Growing Egalitarianism (view that Ability, Effort, Virtue defined your worth “NOT your wealth or family position -NEW definition of people / society / country “Seperation of Church And State” (Where is it written? Is it written? What was it?) Letter from Thomas Jefferson to James Madison BEFORE revolution • TAXES - Government / “1” Church AFTER - “MANY” Churches • Eventually NO tax $ went to church • “meant to PROTECT peoples right to worship as they see fit – not LIMIT”

  34. ECONOMIC Confront profiteering & inflation • American Rev. ENDS Navigation Acts • NO British Trade Restrictions (U.S. merchant marine & manufactor) • Migrations across Appalachian Mtn’s Westward “Northwest Territory” • Break-up of Large “Estates” = Many new “small farms” • Ends “PRIMOGENTRE“ 1st born inherits

  35. POLITICAL Colonist gained a great deal of stature & influence in the world with our ideas • 3 Main Democratic Ideas in “Declaration of Independence” • Most states draft ‘new’ constitutions with many new Democratic features • 13 Colonies become 13 “STATES” together by LIMITED Central Gov’t (FEDERALISM) • “Articles of Confederation”

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