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The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain. Biology 112. The End of Glycolysis. Only 10% of the energy available in glucose has been used The rest is still contained in pyruvic acid The remainder of the energy needs oxygen for the final phases of cellular respiration

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The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

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  1. The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain Biology 112

  2. The End of Glycolysis • Only 10% of the energy available in glucose has been used • The rest is still contained in pyruvic acid • The remainder of the energy needs oxygen for the final phases of cellular respiration • These pathways are said to be aerobic

  3. The Kreb Cycle • Steps of this process: • Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion • One of the three carbons becomes part of a carbon dioxide molecule • The remaining two carbon molecules attach to a coenzyme and form citric acid • The citric acid breaks down, releasing more carbon dioxide • Energy is released in the form of NADH

  4. The Kreb’s Cycle - cont • Citric acid turns into a five carbon molecule which then releases another carbon atom to form more carbon dioxide • NADH and ATP is also released • The four carbon molecule remaining will be picked up and used again in the cycle • NADH and FADH2 (another energy releasing molecule) is released

  5. The Electron Transport Chain • NADH and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain to be used to generate ATP from ADP • It is composed of carrier proteins embedded in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or cell membrane (prokaryotes) • The end of the chain releases water

  6. Adding Up the ATP • By the end of cellular respiration – 36 ATP molecules will have been produced from one molecule of glucose • The cell can generate energy from more than just glucose • Any energy not used by the cell is released as heat

  7. Quick and Long Term Energy • Overall, a small amount of ATP is produced by cellular respiration • After a few moments of intense activity, for instance, lactic acid fermentation produces necessary ATP for energy • Lactic acid will require oxygen in order to be broken down • The body stores more energy in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen • After this is used, fats and other molecules are utilized

  8. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

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