Three Colonial Regions

1. Three Colonial Regions

4. The New England Colonies • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • New Hampshire • Connecticut

5. The Middles Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware

6. The Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • South Carolina • North Carolina • Georgia

7. Government • Proprietary Colony (Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware) • Land Granted by British King to Proprietors • Charters • Charter Colony (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut) • Joint Stock Companies • Colonial Assemblies • Royal Colony (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Georgia) • Directly Controlled by King • Appointed Governors

8. Economy • New England Colonies • Commerce • Ship Building • Agriculture • Small Farms • Grains • Middle Colonies • Commerce • Agriculture • Small Farms • Grains • Southern Colonies • Agriculture • Large Plantations and Small Farms • Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo, Grains • Slavery

9. Triangular Trade Europeans use slave labor to produce in New World, sell goods in Europe, trade goods for slaves in Africa, and repeat

10. Geography • New England Colonies • Cold weather, rocky terrain limited farming • Boston and Newport develop • Middle Colonies • More suitable soil than in NE, led to wheat as a staple crop • Philadelphia and NYC develop as major cities • Southern Colonies • Climate lends itself to large-scale agriculture • Dependence on slave labor, SC pop. over 50% slave • Charlestown develops

11. Religion • New England Colonies • Religious Intolerance • Puritans • oligarchy • Separatists • Middle Colonies • Religious Tolerance • Protestant Sects • Catholics • Jews • Southern Colonies • Anglicans • Government support of the church

12. Life Styles • New England Colonies • Strong Family Units • Longer Life Span • Customs and Traditions- Grandparents • Stability • Community • Religion • Middle Colonies • Family • Community • Diversity • Southern Colonies • Plantation Society • Fewer Families • Less Healthy

13. The Road to Revolution Salutary Neglect British Mercantilism British Economic Policies in the Colonies

14. Use your knowledge of the 13 colonies to answer the following questions for both photographs pictured below.What regions are they located in? Describe the geography of each photo and address the type of economy each region would have? 1 2

15. North American Land Claims in 1750

16. The Proclamation Line of 1763 • Colonist felt that England was attempting to control them • England wants to avoid Indian trouble • Colonies were angered over idea that they must pay for cost of war and British troops now

17. British have left the colonies alone British try to enforce laws and taxes after the French and Indian War without the consent of the colonies British do not understand colonists are used to representative government Colonies have formed own governments Colonist are used to managing their own affairs with their elected representatives “Taxation without representation”, colonist want to have a say in government through elected reps. Salutary Neglect

18. British Mercantilism • System were England controls colonial trade and taxes • Colonies provided raw materials for Britain • If colonies received imports the goods had to arrive on British Ships • Certain colonial goods were sold only to England, but not to other countries • Colonies were to serve as a market for English manufactured goods

19. Navigation Acts 1650-1763 • Restricted colonial trade, manufacturing and shipping to other countries • Colonists smuggle and disregard Acts • Salutary Neglect: Britain has allowed the colonies to prosper under their protection with little or no control

20. Sugar Act 1764 • Tax placed on sugar and molasses because colonists are British subjects • Colonist protest and smuggle sugar and molasses

21. Quartering Act 1765 • Required colonies to provide British troops with quarters and supplies • Colonial assemblies vote to refuse to supply British soldiers

22. Stamp Act 1765 • Any item that was made of paper required a stamped tax payment to be made • Colonists argue “taxation with representation”, Stamp Act is repealed

23. Townshend Acts 1767 • Tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea • Colonist smuggle goods, boycott British goods, and fight with British troops

24. In a monarchy the governing power lies with a king and those that he appoints to office Parliament was the lawmaking body in England Citizens elect their own representatives who will represent them in government People create their government and have the right to make changes when they see fit (laws, elections) Monarchy vs. Representative Government

25. The Protests Begin! • Patrick Henry’s speech • Sons and Daughters of Liberty • Benjamin Franklin’s visit to Parliament • Boston Massacre

26. Patrick Henry Speaks Out! • When the House of Burgesses met to consider the Stamp Act in May of 1765 Patrick Henry introduced the Virginia Resolutions protesting Parliament’s action • In his speech he stated that since Americans elected no members to the British Parliament they should not be taxed by them • This came to be know as “no taxation without representation”

27. Sons of Liberty • The Sons of Liberty carried out organized resistance by keeping watch on shopkeepers suspected of selling British goods • A group existed in almost every colony. • Members included middle and upper class citizens, anyone could join if they were trustworthy and had the skills the group needed. • Famous members included Paul Revere, John Adams and his cousin, Samuel Adams.

28. Daughters of Liberty • Colonial women organized the Daughters of Liberty to boycott British goods • They gave up imported clothes, made tea out of local herbs, and produced homespun cloth • One of the most influential Daughters of Liberty was Mercy Otis Warren, who published pamphlets supporting the resistance – she had to publish in a man’s name

29. The Boston Massacre • After Parliament repealed the Townshend duties, the first clash between British and Americans took place • On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys gathered to taunt British soldiers outside the Boston Customs House • When the crowd went as far as to throw sticks and snowballs at the redcoats, the soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five men • The event quickly became known as the Boston Massacre

30. Tea Act 1773 • Tax on tea, it is a plan to bail out East India Tea company through tax on tea • Boston Tea Party and smuggling of tea

31. The Boston Tea Party • In 1773 the British East India Company, facing bankruptcy, appealed to Parliament for assistance • Parliament quickly voted to give them a monopoly for the trade of tea in America • Opposition groups mobilized against the plan and forcing ships to turn back at New York and Philadelphia harbours • In Boston, Governor Hutchinson ordered that no ship could leave harbour without being unloaded • Colonists on a signal from Sam Adams disguised themselves as Mohawks, boarded the ship and heaved 342 chests of tea into the harbour

32. The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) • The Boston Port Act - closed the port of Boston to trade • The Massachusetts Government Act - revoked the colony's charter and forbade town meetings • The Quartering Act - required the colonists to provide billets for British soldiers • The Impartial Administration of Justice Act - removed British officials from the jurisdiction of Massachusetts courts

33. The Quebec Act - 1774 • It was passed at the same time and considered by many as one of the Intolerable Acts • It extended the Canadian province of Quebec south to the Ohio River • It also allowed French Canadians use of their own legal system which did not recognize trial by jury • The colonists believed The Quebec Act was designed to keep American settlers out of western lands forever

34. The First Continental Congress • 56 delegates from 12 colonies attended the first Continental Congress in Philadelphia in September, 1774 • The Congress petitioned the King for relief from the Intolerable Acts and vowed to stop trade with Britain until the acts were repealed

35. Here come the Brits! • Early on April 19, 1775, 700 British soldiers were secretly sent to destroy the military supplies the colonists had collected at Concord • After learning the soldiers’ destination, the Sons of Liberty sent Paul Revere & William Dawes to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers. • Fighting between the Americans and the British broke out near Boston – a city occupied in 1774 by the British army under General Thomas Gage

36. Lexington and Concord • When the British soldiers reached Lexington, Captain Jonas Parker and 75 armed Minutemen were there to meet them. • The Minutemen were greatly outnumbered. The British soldiers fired, killing 8 Minutemen and injuring 10 others. • While the British soldiers continued on their way to Concord, the men and women of Concord were busy moving the arms and ammunition to new hiding places in surrounding towns.

37. The British Retreat to Boston • A large force of patriots gathered in response to the British troops. • As the British soldiers headed back to Boston, they were attacked by the Minutemen. • All along the route, Minutemen, local farmers and townspeople continued the attack against the British. • By the time the soldiers reached Boston, 73 British solders were dead and 174 more were wounded.

38. Second Continental Congress • The Second Continental Congress was a body of representatives appointed by the legislatures of several British North American colonies which met from May 10, 1775, to March 1, 1781 • By the time the Second Continental Congress met, the American Revolutionary War had already started with the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. • Thus, the Second Continental Congress found itself in the unenviable position of being the decision-making body of a military alliance at war with a far more powerful enemy.

39. Thomas Paine and Common Sense • In January 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense • He attacked the strongest bond tying tying America to Britain – the King • He pointed out the advantages of freedom from British rule and commercial restrictions • The book divided Americans into either Patriots or Loyalists

40. Independence! • Beginning in April of 1776, the colonies advised their delegates to vote for independence • On June 7th, Richard Henry Lee introduced a brief “Resolution of Independence” • On July 2nd, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted Lee’s resolution “that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states.”

41. The Declaration of Independence • The Official Declaration of Independence was agreed upon on July 4th, 1776 • Its purpose was to justify the Revolution, state that the colonies were independent and to express the nation’s principles • The rest is history!