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Chapter 2 Body Organization

Chapter 2 Body Organization. Anatomy: is the study of body structures and their locations… Physiology: is the way in which an organism functions (how it works)…. Organization Of The Human Body. Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism/Human Body .

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Chapter 2 Body Organization

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  1. Chapter 2 Body Organization • Anatomy: is the study of body structures and their locations… • Physiology: is the way in which an organism functions (how it works)…

  2. Organization Of The Human Body • Atoms • Molecules • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ systems • Organism/Human Body

  3. The order of the human body cont… • 2 or more atoms combine to make molecules • 2 or more molecules make a cell • 2 or more cells make tissue • 2 or more tissues make an organ • 2 or more organs make organ systems • 2 or more organ systems make an organism...

  4. Animal Cells Structures Of The Cell… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y Nucleus: Control Center, Directs activity Cytoplasm: Transports Chemicals and Nutrients Mitochondria: Power House Cell Membrane: Protects The Cell Lysosome: Break Down Molecules Ribosome:Make Protein For Cell Structure

  5. Diseases Affecting The Cells • Genetic Disorders result when there are mutations in our genes. They can be inherited from the parents or due to a mutation during cell division. • Examples of genetic disorders ( there are more than 4,000 known disorders) • Alzheimer's • Cancer • Sickle Cell Disease • Cleft lip • Cystic Fibrosis • Down Syndrome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBI7GoIyoog

  6. TYPES OF TISSUES

  7. Epithelial Tissue • Function: to cover and protect • Forms protective covering for all internal and external surfaces and helps form glands. Ex: epidermis of the skin and lining of blood vessels

  8. Connective Tissue • Function: to bind and support: • Dense: bone &cartilage • Adipose: fat, padding & insulation • Loose : surrounds organs, supports nerve cells and blood vessels • Liquid: blood, lymph

  9. Nervous Tissue • Function: To transmit and receive stimuli… • Ex; eyes, brain, spinal cord

  10. Muscle Tissue • Function: to contract/relax and create movement • Ex; triceps, biceps, heart

  11. Body Organs • Heart • Lungs • Kidneys • Bladder • Veins • Arteries • Liver • Gallbladder • Etc…..

  12. Organ Systems • Integumentary system; consists of skin, hair nails and sweat glands. Covers and protects the body, regulates body temperature. • Cardiovascular system;consists of the heart, veins and arteries, and lymphatic system. It transports oxygen and nutrients to all body parts and removes waste products. • Respiratory system; consists of the nose, larynx, trachea, diaphragm, bronchi, and lungs. It supplies the blood with oxygen and assists in the exchange of gasses.

  13. Organ Systems Cont… • Muscular system: Consists of muscle tissues. It allows the body to move and controls movements within the body. • Skeletal system: Consists of bones, cartilage, and joints. It provides body support and protection. • Digestive system: Consists of the mouth, stomach and intestines. It processes food and eliminates food waste. • Urinary system: Consists of the kidneys, bladder and ureters and the urethra. It filters the blood and removes liquid waste as well as excess fluid.

  14. Anatomical Language • The study of anatomy and physiology require knowledge of anatomical language and the organization of the human body… • The Goal of the anatomical language portion of this lesson is for you to be familiar with terms used to describe anatomical locations and be able to use them in describing human anatomy…

  15. Anatomical Language • The anatomical position is the standard position used when describing anatomy of the human body… • Body in an erect position • Mouth closed • Eyes and head facing forward • Arms are close to the body and the palms are facing forward

  16. Figure 9-5 Body Planes A. Coronal or Frontal, B. Transverse, C. Medial, Sagittal or Midsagittal (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWUgiCbe9hM)

  17. Anatomical Language • Location of organs are described in relation to these terms: • Inferior (below) • Superior (above) • Medial (close to the midline) • Lateral (away from the midline) • Anterior or ventral (in front of) • Posterior or dorsal (behind) • Proximal (close to the attachment site) • Distal (away from the attachment site) • Supine (on the back, facing forward) • Prone (on the stomach, facing down)

  18. Anatomical Language

  19. Body Cavities

  20. Body Regions

  21. Body Cavities • Five body cavities: • Cranial • Contains the brain, ventricles, and some glands • Spinal • Houses the spinal cord and nerves • Thoracic • Contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels • Abdominal • Contains stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys • Pelvic • Contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

  22. Divisions of the Back

  23. Abdominal Quadrants • Four Quadrants: 1. Right Upper Quad (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quad (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quad (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quad (LLQ)

  24. Body Regions

  25. Body Regions

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