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The Foundations of Democracy in Ancient Greece: Athens and Its City-States

Ancient Greece is renowned for developing the first democracy, notably in Athens around 508 B.C. The term "democracy" means "rule of the people," which was first practiced in the Greek polis, or city-state, where citizens (adult males born in Athens) had political rights. Other groups, including women, children, and slaves, were excluded. The political landscape consisted of monarchies, aristocracies, and oligarchies, with Cleisthenes establishing a balance of power between the wealthy and the poor, paving the way for modern democratic systems.

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The Foundations of Democracy in Ancient Greece: Athens and Its City-States

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  1. Ch. 1, Sec. I. Greece.

  2. A. Athens builds a limited Democracy, 2000 B.C. 1. Democracy = “rule of the people.” 2. Polis = Greek city-state. • A polis was made up of three different groups: • Citizens with political rights (adult males), • Citizens w/out political rights (women, children), • Non-citizens (slaves, resident aliens).  Ancient Greek civilization is credited with developing the first democracy.

  3. ACROPOLIS: “fortified hill” Acropolis

  4. B. Each City-State had their own Gov’t to control society. 1. Monarchy – ruled by one person; king or monarch. 2. Aristocracy – ruled by small group of nobles; land-owning families. 3. Oligarchy – ruled by a few powerful people.

  5. C. Athens & Sparta: large, powerful city-states. 1. 683 B.C., Athens is an aristocracy. 2. Citizens – males, over 18 y.o., born in Athens, not slaves. • Before 683 BC, Athens was a monarchy, ruled by one person. • The Aristocracy in Athens enjoyed certain rights & responsibilities.

  6. D. Cleisthenes of Athens, 508 B.C. 1. Balanced power of rich & poor. 2. Founder of democracy. 3. One-fifth of Athenians were citizens. •  Participate in democracy except women, foreign born, slaves, or ‹ 18 y.o. •  Democracy ended in Greece after a war between Athens and Sparta. • Macedonia (King Phillip II, father of Alexander the Great), invaded Greece & defeated the weakened city-states (Peloponnesian War: 431-404 B.C.). •  Important step toward the creation of our modern democratic system.

  7. E. Legacy of Greece: Lasting standards in gov’t & philosophy. 1. Direct democracy: citizens actively participate in politics. 2. 3 branches of gov’t (judicial, legislative, & executive).

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