Diseases of the Lung

1. Diseases of the Lung Physics of the Human Body

2. Pulmonary Embolism • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of the pulmonary artery (or one of its branches) • Usually when a clot from a lower leg vein, becomes dislodged from its site of formation and embolizes to the blood supply of one of the lungs. • This process is termed thromboembolism. • Most common cause of hospital deaths

5. 69 year old college professor with sudden onset of shortness of breath. Underwent surgery for removal of pulmonary embolisms.

6. Lung Diseases are primarily placed into two categories • 1. Obstructive Lung Diseases • Asthma • COPD • Emphysema • Chronic Bronchitis • 2. Restrictive Lung Diseases • Asbestosis • Pulmonary Fibrosis

10. Two Types Internal Exercise Stress External Pollen Dander Smoke Obstructive Lung DiseaseAsthma

11. An attack of asthma begins when an allergen is inhaled. The allergen binds to IgE antibodies — those that have binding sites for the allergen — on mast cells in the lungs. Binding triggers the mast cells to release of histamine and leukotrienes

13. Obstructive Lung DiseaseCOPD • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Emphysema • Chronic Bronchitis • Both are caused primarily by smoking

14. Obstructive Lung DiseaseCOPD

18. Chronic productive cough (a cough that produces mucus) that increases in strength and frequency Shortness of breath or wheezing, especially during exercise Chest pain Chronic Bronchitis

19. Quit Smoking Avoid exposure to polluted air Increase the humidity in the air Chronic Bronchitis

20. Black lung is a legal term describing man-made, occupational lung diseases that are contracted by prolonged breathing of coal mine dust Restrictive Lung DiseaseBlack Lung Disease

21. Asbestosis - a scarring of the lungs caused by exposure to asbestos. Continued exposure may lead to degeneration of lung function and death. Restrictive Lung DiseaseAsbestosis

22. The pleura is the lining around the outside of the lungs. Mesothelioma is a cancer of the pleura. It may also occur in the lining of the abdominal cavity. All mesotheliomas in the United States are caused by exposure to asbestos. Restrictive Lung DiseaseMesothelioma

23. This lung disease is often associated with miners, welders, and construction workers. This is because inhaling dusts such as coal dusts and asbestos can cause pulmonary fibrosis. Restrictive Lung DiseasePulmonary Fibrosis

24. It can also be caused by genetics, meaning you were born with it. However, most commonly, pulmonary fibrosis develops without any known cause. Restrictive Lung DiseasePulmonary Fibrosis

25. If the worker is exposed for a long period of time, the effects may be irreversible. Genetic fibrosis or fibrosis caused by unknown causes, cannot be reversed Restrictive Lung DiseasePulmonary Fibrosis

26. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both women and men in the United States and throughout the world. In the US in 2005, 160,440 people died from lung cancer, more than colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer combined Lung Cancer

27. Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in men and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Only about 14% of all people who develop lung cancer survive for 5 years. Lung Cancer

28. Cigarette smoking is the most significant cause of lung cancer Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals, many of which have been identified as causing cancer. Lung Cancer

29. 68 year old male with left lower lobe lung cancer with metastatic disease to his kidneys.

30. A person who smokes more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day has a risk of developing lung cancer 20-25 times greater than someone who has never smoked Once a person quits smoking, his or her risk for lung cancer gradually decreases. About 15 years after quitting, the risk for lung cancer decreases to the level of someone who never smoked Lung Cancer

32. Secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 heart disease deaths in adult nonsmokers in the United States each year. Second Hand Smoke

33. Pneumonia • Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, and other organisms • Pneumonia is usually triggered when a patient's defense system is weakened, most often by a simple viral upper respiratory tract infection or a case of influenza

34. Pneumonia

35. Symptoms of pneumonia can include: fever chills cough unusually rapid breathing wheezing difficulty breathing chest or abdominal pain loss of appetite exhaustion vomiting Pneumonia

36. Walking pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that stems from a bacterial infection (Mycoplasma Pneumonia), mostly affecting people under the age of 40.  The patient may have symptoms lasting from days to weeks.  It is called "walking pneumonia" because people do not appear to be very sick Walking Pneumonia

37. Usually begin with vague symptoms such as feeling tired or weak, headaches, sore throat, or diarrhea. • Eventually, most develop a dry cough.  • They can, also, develop fever, chills, earaches, chest pain, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and muscle or joint pains. 

38. Acute bronchitis is the inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes. Acute Bronchitis

39. Runny nose, usually before a cough starts Malaise (an overall body discomfort or not feeling well) chills slight fever back and muscle pain sore throat Acute Bronchitis

40. Influenza

41. The virus attacks the respiratory tract. Transmitted from person to person by saliva droplets expelled by coughing, and causes the following symptoms Fever Headache Fatigue/Sore joints (can be extreme) Dry cough Sore throat Nasal congestion Sneezing Irritated eyes Body aches Extreme coldness Influenza

42. This is a group of diseases in which one or more organ systems in the body accumulate deposits of abnormal proteins known as amyloid. Amyloidosis

43. The name "amyloidosis" was first used more than 100 years ago. However, only within the past 25 years have physicians understood the specific make-up amyloid proteins. Although amyloidosis is not cancer, it is very serious. It is disabling or life threatening Amyloidosis