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BIOL 300: Biostatistics

BIOL 300: Biostatistics Statistical quotations There are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and statistics. Benjamin Disraeli / Mark Twain Statistical quotations There are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and statistics. Benjamin Disraeli / Mark Twain

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BIOL 300: Biostatistics

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  1. BIOL 300: Biostatistics

  2. Statistical quotations • There are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and statistics. • Benjamin Disraeli / Mark Twain

  3. Statistical quotations • There are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and statistics. • Benjamin Disraeli / Mark Twain • It is easy to lie with statistics, but easier to lie without them. • Frederick Mosteller

  4. Professor:Dr. Luke HarmonDepartment of Zoology Office: 1370 BiosciencesOffice Hours: 2 - 4 pm Mondays(or after class)e-mail: harmon@zoology.ubc.ca

  5. Course website http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~bio300/ • Lecture notes • Textbook and Lab Manual • Assignments and answers • Contact information

  6. Textbook • Whitlock and Schluter, The analysis of biological data • Available in two installments at CopieSmart, UBC Village • Also available online

  7. JMP • Optional statistical software • Used in labs • Available in bookstore • 60-day trial version on web: • www.jmp.com

  8. Evaluation Final 50% Mid-term 30% Assignments (homework) 10% Lab exam (final week of term) 10%

  9. Examinations • Midterm: Thursday October 19 in class • Final exam: TBA • Old exams will be posted on the website

  10. Assignments • Available on course web-page, announced in class • Due on Fridays at noon, at your TA’s office (eight days after they are assigned) • Bonus points for in-class quizzes and activities

  11. Lab • Begins third week of term (September 18- 22) • Biol. Sci. room 2434 • Lab exam during final week of classes • Book available at Copiesmart in the village and online

  12. Class Forum • There will be a forum for discussion on the web • Discussion of lectures, labs, and homework • More details available next week

  13. STATISTICS PAIRINGS • Credit given for only one of BIOL 300, FRST 231, STAT 200, PSYC 218 or 366. • These are paired with BIOL 300, but do not countas requirements for Biology majors and pre-reqs

  14. Introduction to statistics Statistics - technology used to describe and measure aspects of nature from samples Statistics lets us quantify the uncertainty of these measures

  15. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/5/image_pop/l_015_04.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/5/image_pop/l_015_04.html

  16. http://www.rit.edu/~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/DarwinFinch.html

  17. The history of statistics has its roots in biology

  18. Sir Francis Galton Inventor of fingerprints, study of heredity of quantitative traits Regression & correlation Also: efficacy of prayer, attractiveness as function of distance from London

  19. Karl Pearson Polymath- Studied genetics Correlation coefficient c2 test Standard deviation

  20. Sir Ronald Fisher The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection Founder of population genetics Analysis of variance likelihood P-value randomized experiments multiple regression etc., etc., etc.

  21. Goals of statistics • Estimation • Infer an unknown quantity of a population using sample data • Hypothesis testing • Differences among groups • Relationships among variables

  22. Statistics is also about good scientific practice

  23. Introductory Puzzle • How to protect bombers flying over enemy territory? • British Air Ministry - WWII • Looked at distribution of bullet holes in airplanes returning from bombing runs

  24. http://digitalroam.typepad.com/digital_roam/2006/03/the_hole_story_.htmlhttp://digitalroam.typepad.com/digital_roam/2006/03/the_hole_story_.html

  25. Results • Where should more armor be added to the airplanes? • Explain your conclusion

  26. Variable • A variable is a characteristic measured on individuals drawn from a population under study. • Data are measurements of one or more variables made on a collection of individuals.

  27. Explanatory and response variables We try to predict or explain a response variable from an explanatory variable.

  28. Mortality on the Titanic, as predicted by sex

  29. Populations and samples

  30. Populations <-> Parameters;Samples <-> Estimates

  31. Nomenclature

  32. Properties of a good sample • Independent selection of individuals • Random selection of individuals • Sufficiently large

  33. In a random sample, each member of a population has an equal and independent chance of being selected.

  34. Bias is a systematic discrepancy between estimates and the true population characteristic.

  35. A sample of convenience is a collection of individuals that happen to be available at the time.

  36. Sampling error • The difference between the estimate and average value of the estimate

  37. Population parameters are constants whereas estimates are random variables, changing from one random sample to the next from the same population.

  38. Larger samples on average will have smaller sampling error

  39. Read: Chapters 1 & 2

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