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Understanding Radiation Effects: Quantities, Units, and Risk Assessment in Medical Imaging

This chapter focuses on the key concepts of radiation exposure, including somatic effects, genetic impacts, and dose limits such as Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD). It distinguishes between various types of doses: Exposure (X), Absorbed Dose (D), Equivalent Dose (EqD), and Effective Dose (EfD). Additionally, it explores the risk associated with different radiation types, the significance of quality factors, and specific calculations related to absorbed doses. Key tables and definitions provide a comprehensive understanding of radiation safety in occupational settings and medical imaging.

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Understanding Radiation Effects: Quantities, Units, and Risk Assessment in Medical Imaging

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  1. Radiation Quantities and Units Chapter 3 Sherer

  2. Review-Pages 53-56 • Somatic effects • Long term somatic • Genetic effects • Box 3-1

  3. Page 56-58- specifically • Tolerance dose was replaced with Maximum Permissible dose (MPD)-dose limits-effective dose • Safe occupations (clerical) has a risk of 10 -4 per year- same as radiography • EfD – type of radiation and the sensitivity of the tissue being exposed. The Sievert is the unit of measurement

  4. Focus on these terms and definitions-page. Begins on pg 58 • Exposure (X) • Absorbed dose (D) • Equivalent dose (EqD) • Effective dose (EfD) • Overall risk based on absorbed dose, tissue and type of radiation • See Box 3-3 (see next slide) • Absorbed Dose

  5. Box 3-3(follow-up questions see assignment for this class) Equivalent Dose • EqD=D x Wr • Or • Sv=Gy x Wr Effective dose • EfD=D xWr x Wt

  6. Quality Factor, pg 63 Sherer • LET pg 63 Sherer "rate in which energy is deposited in the form of a charged particle or ion pair as it travels through matter“

  7. Rem = RAD x QF • LETS of 3% or less have a QF of 1 = same amount of damage of rad per rem • QUALITY FACTOR and weighting factor OF ALPHA IS 20 See box Table 3-2 Sherer • 1 RAD = 20 REM FOR ALPHA PARTICLE ABSORPTION

  8. WHICH HAS A HIGHER LET NUMBER? • X-rays (HIGH OR LOW?) • Alpha (HIGH OR LOW?) • Beta (HIGH OR LOW?) • Gamma (HIGH OR LOW?)

  9. WR associated with Equivalent Dose- table 3-2 • WT associated with Effective Dose- table 3-3

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