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Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogens. Horace McCorvey Epidemiologist Disease Surveillance Coordinator Health Service Region 4/5, Tyler. Objectives. Review Modes of Disease Transmission List the Major Bloodborne Pathogens Review Controls and Work Practice Recommendations Review Exposure Procedures

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Bloodborne Pathogens

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  1. Bloodborne Pathogens Horace McCorvey Epidemiologist Disease Surveillance Coordinator Health Service Region 4/5, Tyler

  2. Objectives • Review Modes of Disease Transmission • List the Major Bloodborne Pathogens • Review Controls and Work Practice Recommendations • Review Exposure Procedures • Short Film, Bloodborne Pathogens, Protection in the Educational Environment

  3. Modes of Transmission

  4. Modes of Transmission • BBP transmitted through contact with blood or Other Potentially Infectious Material • Semen • Vaginal Secretions • CSF • Synovial Fluid • Pleural Fluid • Saliva • Any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood OPIM

  5. Routes of Entry • Likely workplace transmission • Accidental needle stick • Broken glass or other sharps • Contact between broken skin and body fluids • Contact between mucus membranes and body fluids

  6. Routes of Entry • Infected blood can enter the body through: • Open sores • Cuts • Abrasions • Acne • Any damaged or broken skin

  7. Routes of Entry • Entry via mucus membranes • Eyes • Nose • Mouth

  8. Bloodborne Pathogens of Concern Hepatitis C HIV Hepatitis B

  9. HBV - Hepatitis B General Facts • Can live for 7+ days in dried blood • 100 times more contagious than HIV • Approximately 78,000 new infections per year (2001) • 1.25 million carriers • 5,000 deaths/year Normal Jaundice

  10. Healthy human liver Hepatitis C liver HCV - Hepatitis C General Facts • The most common chronic bloodborne infection in the U.S. • 3.9 million (1.8%) Americans infected; 2.7 million chronically infected • 25,000 new infections per year (2001) • Leading cause of liver transplantation in U.S. • 8,000-10,000 deaths from chronic disease/year • No broadly effective treatment • No vaccine available

  11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus General Facts • Fragile – few hours in dry environment • Attacks the human immune system • Cause of AIDS • >1 million infected persons in U.S.

  12. Controls and Work Practice Recommendations

  13. Exposure Control Plan Exposure Control Plan To eliminate/minimize your risk of exposure • Exposure determination • Exposure controls • Training and Hazard Communication • Hepatitis B Vaccine • Post exposure evaluation & follow-up

  14. Exposure Controls UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS – Asystem of infection control: TREAT ALL HUMAN BLOOD AND OPIM AS IF KNOWN TO BE INFECTIOUS WITH A BLOODBORNE DISEASE.

  15. Exposure Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Gloves • Gowns • Shoe covers • Face shields or • masks and eye protection • Resuscitation devices

  16. Exposure Controls • Always wear PPE in exposure situations • Remove and replace damaged PPE • Remove PPE before leaving the work area • Wear goggles when splashing is possible • Face shields provide added protection • Gloves should be made of latex, nitril, rubber or other impervious material • Cover sores on the hands prior to gloving • Aprons should be worn to prevent soaking

  17. Hygiene Practices • Hand Washing • Immediate washing after exposure • Use soft antibacterial soap • Immediate washing after removal of gloves or other PPE • What “Not” to do in soiled or exposed work areas: • Eat, Drink, Smoke • Apply cosmetics or lip balm • Handle contact lenses

  18. Decontamination • Decontaminate tools, surfaces and other objects coming in contact with blood and body fluids • Use a 5% or 10% solution of household bleach or commercial EPA-registered disinfectant • SPILLS • Cover spills with paper towel or rags, then soak with solution • Leave disinfectant in place for 10 minutes

  19. Decontamination • SHARPS • Dispose of needles in sharps containers • Do not handle broken glass with bare hands • Broken glassware that has been contaminated with blood must be decontaminated prior to proper disposal

  20. Signs, Labels & Coding • Warning labels should be affixed to: • Regulated waste • Refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious materials • Containers used to store, transport or ship infectious material • Regulated Waste Refers to: • Any liquid or semi-liquid blood or other material • Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM if compressed • Contaminated sharps

  21. Work Practice Controls • Hepatitis B vaccination should be made available to all Class I employees including • School Nurses • Coaches (as designated by the AD) • Physical Education Teachers • Athletic Trainers • Teachers, TA’s, and bus drivers of multi-handicapped children • Custodians (as designated by Director of Maintenance) • Designated maintenance

  22. What to Do in the Event of an Exposure Incident

  23. Exposure Incident If you have an exposure incident with blood or OPIM, immediately do the following: • Thoroughly clean the affected area • • Wash cuts, and skin with soap and water • • Flush with water splashes to the nose and mouth • • Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile irrigants • Report exposure to supervisor

  24. Questions

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