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Specialty Impact Munitions- SIMS

Specialty Impact Munitions- SIMS. Presented By: Firearms Training Unit. Objectives:. Define Specialty Impact Munitions. Define possible psychological and physiological effects a subject may experience after exposure to SIMS. Define and differentiate Blunt trauma and Penetrating trauma.

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Specialty Impact Munitions- SIMS

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  1. Specialty Impact Munitions- SIMS Presented By: Firearms Training Unit

  2. Objectives: • Define Specialty Impact Munitions. • Define possible psychological and physiological effects a subject may experience after exposure to SIMS. • Define and differentiate Blunt trauma and Penetrating trauma. • Define low and high energy Impact munitions and their desirable effects. • Identify Impact Zones and explain their associated risks. • Identify the deployment considerations necessary to improve a desirable outcome when deploying SIMS.

  3. Objectives: • Define flexible and Non-flexible SIMS. • Define Direct fire and In-Direct fire and explain their proper uses, advantages and disadvantages. • Define Single and Multiple Projectile munitions. Explain their correct use and possible advantages and disadvantages. • Demonstrate functional knowledge of Single shot and Multiple shot Delivery systems. Identify their respective advantages and disadvantages.

  4. SIMS HISTORY

  5. Historical Perspective • Prehistoric man used impact weapons as their primary weapons. • David conquered Goliath with an impact weapon. • The Romans utilized catapults against their enemies. • Police officer’s have utilized saps and clubs for over one hundred years.

  6. Use of Force OptionsG.O. 4.1.10 • Officer presence and verbal command • Control techniques • Striking techniques • Impact weapons • Electrical energy device • Less-lethal impact munitions • OC aerosol spray • Canine • Chemical agent munitions • Deadly force

  7. Force Options • An officer deploying specialty impact munitions should have a thorough understanding of their department’s policy and the force options

  8. Use of Force Options Officers shall use only the amount of force that is objectively reasonable under the circumstances and which a reasonably prudent officer would use under the same or similar circumstances.

  9. Use of Force Deadly physical force shall be used to protect an officer or others from what the officer reasonably believes to be an imminent threat of death or serious physical injury.

  10. Less lethal munitions were developed to give police, corrections, security, and military forces a Less-Lethal Option to use against crowds, aggressive or violent individuals, and to support special tactical operations.

  11. First Response

  12. Tactical Response

  13. Tactical ResponseSuicide Resolution

  14. SIMS CAUSE AND EFFECT

  15. Psychological Effects • Specialty Impact Munitions have a tremendous MENTAL effect on an individual. In many, if not the majority of cases the mental effects may far outweigh the physical effects and can be the determining factor in the subject’s response or time of incapacitation or distraction.

  16. Psychological Effects • Anxiety • Fear • Panic

  17. Psychological Effects • ANXIETY • The action of pointing a firearm directly at an individual, or actually firing a projectile arouses a fear of having been shot.

  18. Psychological Effects • FEAR • Specialty impact munitions may cause a powerful mental distraction. Mentally the subject must cope with both the physiological pain that the body feels and the perceived danger.

  19. Psychological Effects • PANIC • Panic is not a desirable response as it may lead to less control of the subject or crowd. The impact is likely to create fear, which may create a “fight” or “flight” response.

  20. Physiological Effects • Specialty impact munitions are used with the intent to cause pain, and at times sufficient blunt trauma to disorient or incapacitate an individual. As such, some degree of injury is expected. This is necessary to achieve compliance or a momentary degree of incapacitation.

  21. Physiological Effects • Low Energy • Designed to deliver minimal energy to cause slight physical discomfort for pain compliance or mental distraction. • High Energy • Designed to deliver enough energy to inflict blunt trauma to cause greater physical discomfort and possible incapacitation.

  22. Kinetic Energy Energy associated with motion. • Kinetic Energy: KE = (1/2)(M/G)V² • where M is the weight of the projectile • G is the acceleration due to gravity, 32.2 ft/sec² • V is the velocity of the projectile in ft/sec.

  23. Fluid Shock • A kinetic energy transfer of a solid object that strikes or makes contact with a fluid mass object such as the human body. Fluid shock is energy transferred from the forward motion of an object.

  24. BLUNT TRAUMA Maximum Desired Effect • An impact of a projectile that leaves the body surface intact, but causes sufficient injury to incapacitate the subject. • Target area is critical to reduce injury potential.

  25. Exact Impact from 15 FEET

  26. Maximum Effect Without Serious Injury

  27. Maximum Effect Without Serious Injury

  28. Maximum Effect Without Serious Injury

  29. 12 gauge Bean Bag from 10 FEET

  30. Maximum Effect Without Serious Injury 40mm Bean Bag Distance: 20 feet (Suspect armed with knife)

  31. 37mm Wood Baton Maximum Effect Without Serious Injury

  32. SIMS

  33. SIMS

  34. Penetrating Trauma • The unintended and most undesirable outcome of an impact munition is penetration. Penetration from a SIM may result from a combination of the following: excessive kinetic energy, target distance, subject’s physical stature, shot placement and clothing.

  35. SIMS Deployment Considerations

  36. Deployment Considerations • Many considerations become necessary each time a Specialty Impact Munition is deployed to help ensure a successful outcome. Training and operational experience will assist officers in assessing each situation quickly and thoroughly. However, there are several considerations that significantly influence the manner in which the rounds should be deployed.

  37. Deployment Considerations • Appropriate Use of Force for the Exhibited Level of Threat. • Distance (Energy, Accuracy & Time) • Available Target Areas

  38. Deployment Considerations • ACCURACY – the round must be accurate through the OPTIMUM ENERGY RANGE. • ENERGY – the round must deliver sufficient energy, from a given distance, maximizing the success of incapacitation or distraction. • DISTANCE – equals the time it will take to reach and place the subject under control.

  39. Deployment Considerations • Distance • Distance is a significant factor influencing the outcome of an engagement. It affects the total overall performance of a specialty impact round regarding accuracy and available impact energy. Distance and the role it plays on accuracy and energy makes shot placement an important consideration.

  40. Distance • Distance equates to time. • The greater the distance the subject is from the arrest team, the more time the subject has to recover from the psychological and physiological effects of the SIM.

  41. Distance • Close range engagements. • May deliver extreme energy that may increase the likelihood of incapacitation, but equally increase the risk of penetrating or excessive trauma.

  42. Distance • Long range engagements. • May erode accuracy or allow a subject to change positions prior to impact. This may cause the subject to be impacted in an area of extreme risk, such as the head or neck. Additionally, energy will decrease over distance and a sufficient amount of energy may not be available to incapacitate the subject.

  43. Factors Influencing Point of Aim • Clothing • Physical Stature • Physical Condition • Age • Immediate Surroundings • Impact Areas • Target Picture

  44. IMPACT AREAS • Consider the need for immediate incapacitation as well as the potential for causing injury – then balance these factors while make the point of aim decision. • Shots to “center mass” provide for the highest probability of causing immediate incapacitation, but also have the potential to cause serious injury or death. • Areas such as the head, neck , spine, and groin should be avoided unless it is the intent to deliver deadly force.

  45. AIMING POINT • ZONE 1 - Primary target area consisting of “meaty areas” of large Muscle Groups. • BUTTOCKS • THIGH • Calf

  46. AIMING POINT • ZONE 2 - Secondary target area consisting of skeletal and medium muscle groups. • Muscle areas (preferred) • Shoulder, upper arm, and forearm area. • Abdominal area • Calf • Skeletal areas • Wrist • Elbows • Knee

  47. AIMING POINT • ZONE 3 - Final resort target area when maximum effectiveness is desired to meet a level of threat escalating to deadly force. • Chest (center mass) • Groin • Spine • Lower Back • Head and Neck

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