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Dissociation of Acids

Learn about the dissociation of acids, including strong acids that dissociate 100% and weak acids that do not. Understand how they react with a base and how to write them in ionic equations.

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Dissociation of Acids

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  1. Dissociation of Acids The Details

  2. Strong Acids • CBS and PIN HCl HBr H2SO4 HClO4 HI HNO3 • All strong acids dissociate 100% and must be written as such.

  3. Examples HCl H+ + Cl- HNO3 H+ + NO3- H2SO4 H+ + HSO4- HClO4 H+ + ClO4-

  4. What happens when they react with a base? • The next slide shows how to write STRONG acids when they react with a base.

  5. When written in ionic equations H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- HOH + Na+ Cl- H+ + OH- HOH H+ + HSO4- + Na+ + OH- HOH + HSO4- + Na+ H+ + OH- HOH H+ + I- + Na+ + OH- HOH + Na+ + I- H+ + OH- HOH

  6. Weak Acids • All other Acids • Do NOT dissociate 100%, so they must be written as a molecule when they are a reactant.

  7. How do WEAK Acids dissociate? • They actually dissociate similarly to strong acids, in that a H+ ion is removed. • H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4- • HC2H3O2 H+ + C2H3O2-

  8. What happens when they react with a base? • The next slide shows how to write WEAK acids when they react with a base.

  9. Examples H3PO4 + Na+ + OH- HOH + Na+ + H2PO4- H3PO4 + OH- HOH + H2PO4- HC2H3O2 + Na+ + OH- HOH + Na+ + C2H3O2- HC2H3O2 + OH- HOH + C2H3O2-

  10. Keys to dissociating acids properly! • It doesn’t matter how many H+ are a part of the acid, only ONE hydrogen ion will dissociate to an appreciable amount.

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