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ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORTS

ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORTS.  transport of molecules against the con-centration, or electric gradients,  delivery of free energy from ATP is crucial.

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ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORTS

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  1. ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORTS transport of molecules against the con-centration, or electric gradients, delivery of free energy from ATP is crucial. Classification:Primary active transport through the selectíve ions channels. Pumps : Na +- K+pump (all cells), Ca 2+- pump (muscle cells), H+- proton pump (cells of stomach) Secondary active transport when a substance (e.g.glucose) binds on ion (Na+), and this complex is carried through the membrane actively (as a glucose-Na contrans-port)

  2. Na-K pump (Na+- K+ ATPase)

  3. Na-K pump – scheme

  4. Na +- pump (Na +-K +-ATP-ase) - It isan enzyme,placed in a surface of a cell membrane (number =106 withinin a membrane of one neuron ) - it carries 3 ions of Na+from inside to outside, and at the same time, 2 K+from outside to inside • It can exchange max. 200 Na+ and 133 K+ / sec. - It requires delivery of free energy (from ATP) • It is important for renewal of electric charges of body cells

  5. Exocytosis, Endocytosis (Phagocytosis)

  6. ACTIVE membrane transpots.: Exo- and Endocytosis.  Exocytosis - “cell vomiting“ is a release of larger molecules by the protrusion of a cellular membrane, under delivery of energy and Ca2+ ions Endocytosis –“cell eating“ is an uptake of molecules by a cellular membrane,e.g. ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes (phagocytosis). It needs a delivery of energy, too.

  7. Resting membrane potential (RMP) It is an electric potential difference measured between + charged cell exterior and –charged cell interior. Its value equals to Sum of Equilibrium Potentials of all 3 ions (K+, Na+, Cl-). is a result of membrane semipermeability i.e. different leakage of membrane for ions permeability of cell membrane for ions at rest K+ : Na+ : Cl- = 1 : 0.04 : 0.45 K+ : Na+ : Cl- = 100 : 4 : 45 (%) RMP for nerve cells is -70 mV,sceletal muscle – 90 mV, heart muscle- 80mV, smooth muscle -50 mV

  8. Equilibrium Potential - EPis a value of electrical voltage that just stops the diffusion of ions (K+,Na+,Cl -) along their concentration gradientsCellInside - chargedCellOutside + char

  9. Concentration and electrical gradients of K+, Na+, Cl- ions

  10. Nernst formulaEach ion has its own Equilibrium Potential (mV) that can be counted:

  11. Goldman´s EquationSumation of all Equilibrium potentials (for K, Na, Cl ) results in a real value of Resting Membrane Potential ( e.g. V m= -70 mV for neuronal cells)

  12. for comming and attention

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