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Understanding Vietnamese Colonialism and America’s Cold War Foreign Policy

In today's lesson, students will explore the history of Vietnamese colonialism under various imperial powers, focusing on French control in the 19th century and the impact of American foreign policy during the Cold War. We will examine significant events such as the Viet Minh's declaration of independence, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and the Geneva Conference that partitioned Vietnam. Additionally, students will analyze the role of Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Cong in the struggle for independence, highlighting how these events shaped Vietnam's path in the 20th century.

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Understanding Vietnamese Colonialism and America’s Cold War Foreign Policy

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  1. Lesson Objectives for Today • The students will be able to understand the prior history of Vietnamese colonialism by imperialistic powers. • The students will be able to identify America’s foreign policy (containment) in the Cold War concerning Vietnam.

  2. Viet Nam General Outline and Early History

  3. Earlier • Southeast Asian jungles dominated by other Asian powers • Within the Chinese and Indian Empires • Dense tropical climate did not allow for a large population to form a great ancient empire

  4. 1800s • France took control of IndoChina (source of rubber) as a formal colony

  5. 1945 • End of Japanese occupation • Viet Minh declared independence under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh • France tried to hold on….

  6. 1940s • Independence Revolution between Viet Minh government and France

  7. 1950s • US (as policy of containment of communism) assists France with $ • China and Soviet Union begin to help Viet Minh

  8. 1954 • Battle at Dienbienphu: France is defeated by anti-colonial forces

  9. 1954 Continued • Geneva Conference = peace settlement in which France leaves and country is divided in half • US places Ngo Dien Diem in power in South (ARVN) • North (DRVN) ruled by Ho Chi Minh with Soviet backing • Free elections held in 2 years to unify land into one country

  10. U.S. refuses to allow elections in the South • “It was generally conceded that had an election been held, Ho Chi Minh would have been elected Premier.” • President Dwight D. Eisenhower

  11. Ho Chi Minh organizes revolution/liberation movement in the South • Viet Cong - revolutionary army in South Vietnam • National Liberation Front - movement in N and S for independence from all foreign influences and unification of Vietnam

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