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The Federal Court System

U.S. Government November 11 th , 2011. The Federal Court System. Chief Justice John Marshall. 1801-1835 Increased power of the Court!. Jurisdiction. The authority to hear certain cases States have authority over cases involving state laws Federal Courts have authority…

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The Federal Court System

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  1. U.S. Government November 11th, 2011 The Federal Court System

  2. Chief Justice John Marshall • 1801-1835 • Increased power of the Court!

  3. Jurisdiction • The authority to hear certain cases • States have authority over cases involving state laws • Federal Courts have authority… • Over cases involving federal laws! • AND treaties with foreign nations or interpretations of the Constitution

  4. Concurrent Jurisdiction • BOTH federal and state courts have jurisdiction! • Ex: citizen from Montana and citizen from Wyoming have a dispute about a payment over $50,000 • May choose… but if person being sued insists, must be tried federally

  5. Lose case in trial court… • Appeal to a court with appellate jurisdiction… lose again? • Supreme Court

  6. How did SC power grow? • Marbury vs. Madison • J Adams stays up signing judicial commissions for men of his party • New president, Jefferson, calls these appointments Midnight Judges • Leads to M vs. M • Result? Judicial Review: Court has power to review acts of Congress

  7. Other Important Court Cases

  8. Slaughterhouse Cases • Ruling on the 14th Amendment (citizenship) • Claim 14th Amendment guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws and due process • DP Clause: no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process • Court rules… for the state! • 14th amendment does not increase individual rights, rather extends protection to rights citizens have under federal government

  9. Plessy vs. Ferguson • 1896: LA law requires railroads to provide separate cars for white and African American passengers • Court says this is reasonable exercise of state police power to maintain order • Conclusion: "legislation is powerless to eradicate racial instincts or to abolish distinctions“ • Separate but equal

  10. Supreme Court, D.C. • Completed 1935 • Why so long???????? • 1929 cost: $9,650,000 • Today equivalent: • over $100,000,000!

  11. Supreme Court Justices • 9! • Chief Justice, 8 associates • 9 since 1869 • 1937 FDR attempted to increase HIS power by appointing more judges… Congress denied this… • CHECKS AND BALANCES!

  12. Guess how much SC Justices make? • $164,100

  13. Another Check! • Justices may be impeached (treason, bribery, other high crimes)

  14. Pop Quiz • 1). What Chief Justice in the early 1800s greatly increased power of the court? • 2). What Amendment guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws and due process? • 3). Plessy vs. Ferguson was about what type of transportation? • 4). How many Supreme Court Justices are there?

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