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Understanding „ the n exus “ in the MENA region

Understanding „ the n exus “ in the MENA region. Holger Hoff Stockholm Environment Institute Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Beirut, 22 January 2013. Why a nexus approach ?. „ Resource squeeze “ increasing demand o verexploitation degradation climate change.

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Understanding „ the n exus “ in the MENA region

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  1. Understanding „thenexus“ in theMENA region Holger Hoff Stockholm Environment Institute Potsdam Institute forClimate Impact Research Beirut, 22 January 2013

  2. Why a nexusapproach? „Resourcesqueeze“ increasingdemand overexploitation degradation climatechange -> businessasusualis not an option needforinnovationsto: increaseresourceuseefficiencies reduce environmental pressures andsupport a greeneconomy

  3. Whatis a nexusapproach? General principles: generatingsynergies, reducing negative externalities, negotiatingtradeoffs, andstrengtheningresilience – robust adaptation, transformation What‘snew? - integratedwaterresourcemanagement (IWRM)- integrated coastal zone management • landscape approach • ecosystem based approach • multi-functionalsystems • etc. The nexusapproachdoesn‘tstartfromoneparticularsector, but provides a levelplayingfieldandplatformacrosssectors

  4. Nexus scheme anexusapproachforreducingnegative externalities & generatingco-benefits pollution flooding erosion, biodiversityloss water land carbon storage water storage water, energy & food security building resilience energy import dependency CO2emissions bioenergy solar desal

  5. Nexus implementation – buildingblocks 1) nexusbaselineassessment:dataharmonization, compilation, andexchangeacrosssectors 2) integrated(participatory) scenarioanalysis: nexustools 3) economiccost-benefitsanalysis additional transactioncosts vs. efficiencygains & economicincentives e.g. REDD+, PES 4) communicationacrosssectors, e.g. via nexusplatform 5) strengthening„bridginginstitutions“ e.g. River BasinAuthority, inter-ministerial committee…. 6) making a caseforimplementation

  6. Nexus tools demonstratingwin-winopportunities/ benefits / tradeoffsacrosssectors example: Blue Nile/ Lake Tana nexusassessment energy generation food production lake level discharge reduction

  7. Nexus tools used in National Communications to UNFCCC used in National WaterSectorStrategy

  8. Howtoapplythenexusconcept? e.g. soilandwaterconservationorconservationagricultureforimprovedsoilwaterproductivity, reducedirrigationdemand,climatemitigation / adaptation / resilience climate-safe andwater-smart landuse(and urban) planningaccountingforchange in precipitation, sealevelrise etc. addingenergytotheequation:e.g. improvingenergyefficiency in agriculture (pumping)movingtowardsrenewableenergyenergyrecoveryfromwastewatertreatment „seeingisbelieving“ – a nexuscasestudyat thefarmlevel

  9. A nexuscasestudyfromJordan Solar energy farming in the Azraq Basin problem: rapid aquiferdepletionforirrigationand urban demands solar farming (photovoltaics) as income alternative for local farmers reducingwaterdemandANDfossil fueldemandforpumping climatechangemitigation / adaptation / increaseddroughtresilience participatory process through the Highland Water Forum ACCWaM

  10. Storage – a nexussolution (?) Waterstorage Energystorage Food storage bridgingspatio-temporal variability: seasonalprecipitation (and quick runoff) variability in wind, solar insolation, hydropower orpopulationconcentrations

  11. Waterstorage – a widespectrum McCartney 2010

  12. Storage – a nexussolution (?) improvedsoilwaterstorage, reducedirrigationdemand, andco-benefits in landproductivity multi-functionalreservoirsfor hydropower andirrigation hillwaterstorageallowinggravitywaterfeeding–> reducedenergydemand groundwaterstoragepossibly also forreducingseawaterintrusionand subsequent lossofagriculturalproductivity

  13. Lebanonisstill in a relativelygoodposition (in MENA) forestcover…. Sivakumar et al. 2013

  14. Lebanonisstill in a relativelygoodposition (in MENA) EconomicWaterProductivity, World Bank 2011 poverty….

  15. Lebanonisstill in a relativelygoodposition(in MENA) usethatforpro-activelyaddressingcriticaltrends, as an alternative tomorecostlyre-activeoremergenymeasures startfromwin-wins(e.g. wastewatertreatmentandenergyrecovery) searchforinnovations (e.g. solar farming, solar desalination) strengthendiversity (e.g. in storage) build on existing initiatives andtools (e.g. Strategic Env. Asssessments) coordinateacrosssectorsand promote bridginginstitutions (e.g. CCCU) useandaddvaluetoopportunities („mainstreaming“) integratescience (e.g. LARI, CNRS)

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