1 / 16

Linguistics Lecture-2: Morphological Processes

Linguistics Lecture-2: Morphological Processes. Pushpak Bhattacharyya, CSE Department, IIT Bombay 21 June, 2008. Base form and Morphed form. Morphing and Agreement. Key notion English: verb agrees with the subject Ram laughs; Children laugh

pennie
Télécharger la présentation

Linguistics Lecture-2: Morphological Processes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Linguistics Lecture-2:Morphological Processes Pushpak Bhattacharyya, CSE Department, IIT Bombay 21 June, 2008

  2. Base form and Morphed form

  3. Morphing and Agreement • Key notion • English: verb agrees with the subject • Ram laughs; Children laugh • Hindi: adjective (often) agrees with the noun it modifies • achchha ladkaa; achchhii ladkii

  4. Key concepts: Inflection and Derivation • Inflection • Does not change POS: • transport (V) transporting (V, present progressive) • boy (n)  boys (n, pl) • Closes the morpheme- cannot transform any more • Derivation • Changes the POS • transport (V) transportation (n) transportations (n, pl) • delight (n) delightful (adj)

  5. Key concepts: factors affecting noun morphology • Number • Singular, plural, dual (sanskrit) • boy, boys, baalakou • Direct/oblique case • ladkaa (boy), ladke (boy) ko (to, accusative)

  6. 6 base cases *- takes ergative marker ne for transitive verb past tense

  7. Syncretism • Same suffix playing multiple roles • se is syncretic: instrumetal, ablative • to is syncretic: accusative, dative • Challenge for morph analyser

  8. Key concept: derterminants of verb forms • GNPTAM: gender, number, person, tense, aspect, modality • Gender: masculine (m), feminine (f), neuter (n): only first two in Hindi • Number: singular (s), plural (p) • Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd: I, you, he/she • Tense: present, past, future (past and non-past) • Aspect: progressive, perfect • Modality: Indicative, durative, ability, possibility, subjunctive etc.

  9. Large number of possibilities • Gender: 3 • Number: 2 (3 for some languages) • Person: 3 • Tense: 3 (2 for some languages) • Aspect: 2 • Modaliity: 7-8 • Total possibilities: • 3 X 2 X 3 X 3 X 2 X 8=864 • Much larger for many languages: Arabic, Turkish, Hebrew (Semitic languages), Hungarian, Finnish

  10. Example: verb forms (few cases)

  11. S-form, Ing form, D-form, N-form, Irregular forms: corresponding PENN POS tags • 3rd person, singular number, present tense: laugh laughs (VBZ) • Present participle: laughing(VBG) • Simple past: Transport Transported (VBD) • Past participle: had transported (VBN) • Take Took (VBD); Take-> Taken (VBN)

  12. Verb types (syntactic Classification: traditional linguistics) Verb Intransitive (no direct object) Transitive (has direct object) Unaccusative Unergative

  13. Verb types (semantic classification: Universal Networking Language (UNL)) Verb Be (Stative) Occur (happen) Do (Action)

  14. Verb categorization in UNL and its relationship to traditional verb categorization Unergative (syntactic subject =semantic agent) Unaccusative (syntactic subject ≠ semantic agent)

  15. Ergative Verbs in English • Break • Ram breaks the window • The window breaks • The object can take the subject position without changing the verb form • However dooccur

  16. Unergative construction in Hindi • raam ne khaanaa khaayaa • For transitive verbs in past tense • Syntactic subject not in nominative form

More Related