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The Path to Conflict: Slavery and the Road to Civil War in the U.S. (1854-1860)

The period following the Missouri Compromise saw increased tensions over slavery in the U.S., exemplified by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, proposed by Senator Stephen Douglas. This law allowed residents of Kansas and Nebraska to determine their stance on slavery through popular sovereignty, leading to violent clashes known as "Bleeding Kansas." The Dred Scott Decision of March 1857 further fueled division, declaring that people of African descent could not be citizens. Notable abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and the Underground Railroad's Harriet Tubman emerged as key figures. The 1860 election brought deep divides to the forefront, with Abraham Lincoln winning despite receiving only 40% of the popular vote.

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The Path to Conflict: Slavery and the Road to Civil War in the U.S. (1854-1860)

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  1. YOU MUST WRITE EVERYTHING DOWN, UNLESS I TELL YOU OTHERWISE

  2. The US after the Missouri Compromise Becomes Nebraska Becomes Kansas

  3. The Kansas-Nebraska Act • 1854: Proposed by Senator Stephen Douglas who wanted to run for president • Law established: • Kansas and Nebraska territories • Gave their residents their right to decide on slavery (popular sovereignty) • *Kansas is known as “bleeding Kansas” because it was a battleground between proslavery and antislavery forces

  4. The Dred Scott Decision • March 1857 • Background: • Scott was a slave in a slave state who’s master moved to a free state and brought him with • Dred sued for his freedom • The Supreme Court ruling: • People of African decent were not and could never be citizens, therefore didn’t have the right to a trial in the court of law • Ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional • The Outcome: • Scott’s original owner’s sons paid his legal fees and bought Scott and his wife and set them free • Scott died 9 months later

  5. Roles of Abolitionists: • Were considered agents of political and social change • Many were involved in other work like women’s suffrage • Key Abolitionists: • William Lloyd Garrison (Published The Liberator and founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833) • Federick Douglass (member of the American Anti-Slavery Society)

  6. The Underground Railroad • Direct, illegal action taken • Network of men and women; “conductors” • Volunteers were both white and black • Most famous: Harriet Tubman, known as “Black Moses”

  7. Lincoln-Douglas Debate • Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln; both running for the Illinois Senate in 1858 • Douglas: believed whites were superior than blacks—supported slavery • Lincoln: also believed whites were superior, but, believed slavery was morally wrong • Debates gained nationwide attention • Douglas defeats Lincoln

  8. The Election of 1860 • Differences between northern and southern democrats split the party • Two democrat nominees: (north) Stephen Douglas and (south) John C. Breckinridge • Republican nominee: Abraham Lincoln • Constitutional Union nominee: John Bell • Lincoln wins electoral votes but only 40% of popular vote • Country is divided; lower south secedes

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