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Alcohol Prohibition

Alcohol Prohibition. Ryan Ivins Orlando Hernandez . Anti-Saloon League People: Pro-prohibition. Heavy role as propaganda producer Edited alcohol out of the bible Blocked congressional telegraph line to force support Hired false witnesses to close bars (sale to minors)

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Alcohol Prohibition

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  1. Alcohol Prohibition Ryan Ivins Orlando Hernandez

  2. Anti-Saloon League People: Pro-prohibition • Heavy role as propaganda producer • Edited alcohol out of the bible • Blocked congressional telegraph line to force support • Hired false witnesses to close bars (sale to minors) • Targeted rural areas with Methodists/Baptists They even edited historical photos. See right for before/after example.

  3. Woman’s Christian Temperance UnionPeople: Pro-prohibition • Leaders of the Temperance movement • Defines temperance as: “moderation in all things healthful; total abstinence from all things harmful.” • “Scientific Temperance Instruction”: campaign for controlling information taught in schools • Ties to the Klu Klux Klan

  4. National Prohibition PartyPeople: Pro-prohibition • Founded in 1869 by James Black • Party platform: Alcohol Prohibition and Women’s Suffrage • Up until around 1920, captured consistently about 200,000 presidential votes • Dent in Republican and Democratic vote caused concern • Both became in support of Prohibition as result

  5. Franklin D. RooseveltPeople: Anti-prohibition • 1932 democratic candidate • Recognized prohibition as a failure • Promised best efforts for repealing prohibition • In office, requested legislation for repeal to congress, signed documents necessary

  6. Women’s Organization for National Prohibition ReformPeople: Anti-prohibition • Formed in 1929 by Pauline Sabin • Offered more reasonable views to women against alcohol • Took support from WCTU • Pointed out negative outcomes from prohibition as counterproductive

  7. Events

  8. Leading to Nationwide Prohibition1913 • More than 50% of United States under prohibition • Nine States: Complete Prohibition • Thirty-One States: left laws regarding prohibition to local governments • Anti-alcohol campaigns continued

  9. 18th Amendment into effect January 16th, 1920 • Prohibited sale and manufacture of alcohol • Supplemented by Volstead Act • Both had been passed/ratified in the previous year Ratified exactly one year prior

  10. Black TuesdayOctober 29th, 1929 • Historical day of stock market crash • Exposed reality: the ideal outcome promised by temperance figures would never became true • Brought support to repeal groups: widely held that alcohol would greatly improve economy

  11. Cullen-Harrison Act SignedMarch 23rd, 1933 • Signed by FDR • Legalized (federally) sale and manufacture of beer/wine w/ 3.2% alcohol or less • This “3.2” beer was believed to be to mild to cause any major intoxication • First progress towards repeal • Went into effect April 7th

  12. 21st Amendment December 5th, 1933 • Introduced by senator John Blaine • Repealed the 18th amendment • Only amendment to ever be repealed • Took effect December 15th

  13. U.S. free of Prohibition at Federal and State Level1937 • Alabama and Kansas were last to repeal Prohibition on state level

  14. “The Noble Experiment”Societal Impacts: At the Time • Drop in alcohol consumption? • Initially. • Within a few years, rate surpassed pre-prohibition’s • Vast increase in gang activity for bootlegging/smuggling • Lower average age of regular drinkers • Government corruption (officials still drank) & disregard for the law commonplace • Dangers Rampant • Dangerous alcohol consumed: Industrial grade (purposely poisoned), extremely high content in “moonshine” • Explosions common in home distilleries

  15. Societal Impacts: Modern Connections • “Neo-Prohibitionist” groups • Goals of limiting alcohol sales/use • Often use same false arguments as temperance groups • Several prominent groups simply direct reforms from originals • Connections to Legalization of Cannabis through parallelism • Prohibition widely recognized as failure • Whether accurate view of the plant itself is held or not, argument still valid

  16. Chicago, Illinois; New York, New YorkPlaces • Chicago associated w/ alcohol smuggling capital (headquarters of Al Capone) • New York may have had even more alcohol illegally imported than Chicago (Caribbean Rum like much of the east coast)

  17. Cleveland, OhioPlaces • Pinnacle of Prohibition Failure • Four years in, three times as many speakeasies as legal bars beforehand • 10,000 distilleries, not including home-based • 100,000 citizens took part in home distilling

  18. CanadaPlaces • Bordering states relied heavily on “rum-running” Canadian Whisky into the U.S. • Key operation of Al Capone • Successful runs of high-grade product could bring $200,000 (around 2.5 million today)

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