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Selective Migration and Gender Imbalance: Strategies for Rural Economic Growth

This report examines the link between selective migration, unbalanced sex ratios, and regional development in rural areas. Drawing from the ESPON SEMIGRA project, it analyzes case studies from Kainuu (FI), Västernorrland (SE), Sachsen-Anhalt (DE), and Northern Hungary. It identifies challenges such as outmigration of young women, declining agricultural employment, and infrastructure deficits. The study proposes tailored strategies to prevent out-migration and promote re-migration, emphasizing the importance of gender-specific approaches and regional cooperation for sustainable growth.

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Selective Migration and Gender Imbalance: Strategies for Rural Economic Growth

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  1. SEMIGRA – Selective Migration and Unbalanced Sex Ratio in Rural Regions Territorial potentials and cooperation for growth and jobs in rural regions Results of the ESPON SEMIGRA project Aalborg, June 13th 2012 Karin Wiest, IfL

  2. Case study regions Kainuu (FI) Västernorrlands län (SE) Sachsen-Anhalt (DE) Észak-Magyarország (HU) Észak-Alföld (HU)

  3. Is there a link between labour market structures and unbalanced sex ratios?

  4. Restructuring of rural economies: Decline in agricultural employment; Deindustrialisation Reduced employment opportunities Life-style preferences; Infrastructural deficits Reduced demand; Endangerment of social cohesion Outmigration of young people/ young women Deterioration of sex- and age-structure Depopulation Reduced rate of natural increase Relevance: Out-migration of young women and regional development Source: Own design based on Boyle et al. (1998)

  5. The Approach of SEMIGRA: Multi-level/place-based - multi-method - the life cycle

  6. Notional territorial potentials (SWOT) - Evaluation case study regions

  7. Cohesion and competition oriented scenarios for rural regions

  8. Possible strategies to deal with age- and sex-specific migration in rural areas: • 1. Basic demographic strategies that aim at preventing OUT-migration and promoting IN- and RE-migration • 2. Strategies that focus on specific target groups according to the gender and the life cycle • 3. Strategies that target different fields of action (labour market, infrastructure, regional image etc.) •  Place-based approach: Different strategies for different regions in Europe

  9. Different fields of action – different levels of implementation

  10. Forces for Loss Urban-rural Access differences Place attachment Cultural strength Labour force participation Social network density Civic engagement Educational achievement Wealth accumulation Forces for Stabilization /Growth Weak social networks Wage differential Selective migration by age and lifestyle Economic restructuring and inequality Source: Redlin et. al 2010

  11. Potentials for growth in rural areas? Lessons from SEMIGRA •  take into account gender issues and different age groups to amend tailor-made strategies with regard to key target groups. • rely on local knowledge; take the specific needs of young women and men into account • Promote an integrated cross-sectional approach with regard to gender issues

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