Class Slides Set 34 New World Civilizations

1. Class Slides Set34 New World Civilizations Olmec Figurine

2. Teotihuacános (Teotihuacán) Aztec Bulldogs Zapotec / Mixtec (Monte Albán) Maya Olmec Inka Chimu Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 480.

3. state economies based on agriculture and long distance trade • power leaders • social stratification • human labor invested in large-scale constructions Old World and New World: Similarities

4. public art styles • state religions • prominent role of warfare • record keeping Old World and New World: Similarities

5. MayaMathematics Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 487.

6. In the New World: • domesticated animals had minor status in agriculture • technological role of metal was limited • wheel played no important function • but some toys had wheels, so people understood the principles involved Old World and New World: Differences

7. New World Civilizations – Chapter 18 • Lowland Mesoamerica • Highland Mexico • Peru • European Conquest of the New World

8. Lowland Mesoamerica Highland Mexico Peru Time line of “New World Civilizations.” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 479.

9. Time line of “New World Civilizations.” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 479.

10. New World Civilizations • Lowland Mesoamerica • Olmec • Maya • Highland Mexico • Teotihuacán • Zapotec • Mixtec • Aztec • Peru • Inka and their predecessors • European Conquest of the New World

11. geographical and cultural region from central Mexico through Nicaragua Mesoamerica Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

12. Cultural Regions of Mesoamerica Valley of Mexico Maya Olmec Oaxaca Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

13. Olmec Region • La Venta Mesoamerican archaeological sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

14. Maya Region • Uaxactún • Tikál • Copán • Palenque • Kaminaljuyú • Chichén Itzá = “Toltec-Maya” Mesoamerican archaeological sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

15. Oaxaca Region • Monte Albán = Zapotec / Mixtec • Mitla = Mixtec Mesoamerican archaeological sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

16. Valley of Mexico Region • Teotihuacán = “Teotihuacános” • Tula = Toltec • Tenochtitlán = Aztec = Nahua Mesoamerican archaeological sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

17. New World Civilizations • Lowland Mesoamerica • Highland Mexico • Peru • European Conquest of the New World

18. New World Civilizations • Lowland Mesoamerica • The Olmec • The Classic Maya

19. New World Civilizations • Lowland Mesoamerica • The Olmec • The “Mother Culture” of Mesoamerica • culture in the gulf coast lowlands of Veracruz and Tabasco, Mexico • 3,200 - 2,400 y.a.

20. Olmec Region • La Venta Mesoamerican archaeological sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

21. Olmec Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 479.

22. established the region’s first ceremonial centers on a grand scale The Olmec (3,200 - 2,400 y.a.)

23. distinctive art included anthropomorphic sculptures that combined features of humans and animals The Olmec (3,200 - 2,400 y.a.)

24. anthropomorphic having or being given humanlike characteristics Mayan anthropomorphic bird of prey.

25. Olmec culture in the Gulf coast lowlands of Veracruz and Tabasco, Mexico, with a highly developed art style and social complexity; flourished from 3,200 to 2,400 y.a. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 482.

26. Monumental Olmec head excavated at San Lorenzo, in Mexico. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 482.

27. Olmec Olmec jade figurines, La Venta, Mexico. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 483.

28. Olmec figure, carved from Jade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., pp. 480, 482.

29. used hieroglyphic notation The Olmec (3,200 - 2,400 y.a.)

30. had a calendar that would be adopted by their successors • played sacred ball game The Olmec (3,200 - 2,400 y.a.)

31. Ball court at Monte Albán, Mexico. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 483.

32. The Olmec (3,200 - 2,400 y.a.)

33. New World Civilizations • Lowland Mesoamerica • The Olmec • The Classic Maya

34. Maya prehistoric Mesoamerican culture consisting of regional kingdoms and known for its art and architectural accomplishments from 1,800 to 1,100 y.a. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

35. Maya Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 479.

36. used complex hieroglyphs Classic Maya (1,800 - 1,100 y.a.)

37. Stela I from La Moharra

38. Maya hieroglyphs on a stela at Copán, Honduras, record the date and purpose of its dedication. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 486.

39. priestly caste • observed the sun, moon and Venus • predicted rain • prescribed rituals • performed sacrifices Classic Maya (1,800 - 1,100 y.a.)

40. New World Civilizations • Lowland Mesoamerica • The Olmec • The Classic Maya Major Sites • Uaxactún • Tikál • Copán • Palenque • Kaminaljuyú • Chichén Itzá

41. Maya Region • Uaxactún • Tikál • Copán • Palenque • Kaminaljuyú • Chichén Itzá = “Toltec-Maya” Mesoamerican archaeological sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

42. Uaxactún

43. Uaxactún Maya ceremonial center in Guatemala Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

44. Tikál

45. Tikál principal Maya city and ceremonial center in Guatemala Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.

46. ceremonial centersPublic spaces reserved for ritual activities, often dominated by special architecture and artwork. Classic Maya Cylindrical jar Maya Center, Tikál, Guatemala Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., pp. 486, 485.

47. Temple pyramid at the Maya ceremonial center of Tikál, Guatemala. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., pp. 480, 485.

48. This classic Maya cylindrical jar with bird motif and glyphs was used in ceremonies. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 486.

49. Copán

50. Copán principal Maya city and ceremonial center in Honduras, associated with the Early Classic Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 481.