What does “YOU” Possess? —The Grammaticalization of Mandarin “YOU”( 有 )

1. What does “YOU” Possess?—The Grammaticalization of Mandarin “YOU”(有) 2013/05/11 王伯雅 Po-Ya Angela Wang

2. Outline • Introduction • Literature Review • Methodology • Discussion • Conclusion

3. Introduction 2013/05/11 Po-Ya Angela Wang 王伯雅

4. possession existence assertion time referential

6. Though language contact does motivate the realization of grammaticalization, the existence of the tendency to grammaticalize is equally important.

7. Literature Review 2013/05/11 Po-Ya Angela Wang 王伯雅

8. Chao (1968) Aff:VP+le Neg:Mei YOU+VP YOU+VP Language contact

9. Literature Review • the development of various meanings of “ YOU ” in Southern Min dialects. • the development of the functions of “YOU”(have) in French,Spanish , English, and Japanese (Traugott, 2003;Evans and Green , 2006;Li, 2011). • The existence of “ YOU + VP ” construction in ancient Chinese (Han , 2009 ; Li , 2011)

10. Literature Review • Judgment task • Semantic analysis on “YOU” is with reference to the construction it is in. Cheng (2005) “YOU+NP” is possessive or existential “YOU” “YOU+VP” is assertive or aspectual “YOU”

11. Literature Review • Semantic change is often not changing abruptly from meaning A to meaning B (Traugott2003 ). There should be layering, coexistence, of old and new meanings in language use ( Heine et al.,1991; Traugott 2003 ). • The previous meanings may constrain semantic change direction of the following meanings ( Traugott 2003 ) . grammaticalization

12. Literature Review • Metaphorical Extension Approach (Heine) • Invited Inferencing Approach (Traugott) analogy pragmatic inference subjectification

14. To explore the interrelationship between the meanings of “YOU” own by identifying the coexistence of “YOU” meanings in single “YOU” expression. • To explain the direction and the process of grammaticalization through adopting Metaphorical Extension approach and Invited Inferencing approach.

15. Methodology 2013/05/11 Po-Ya Angela Wang 王伯雅

16. Methodology (1) “POSSESSION” (2) “EXSISTENCE” (3)“ASSERTION” (4) “ASPECT MARKER” (1) “YOU+NP” (2) “YOU+VP” (3) “YOU + negation + YOU” (4) “negation + YOU” (5) “ X YOU” (6) “YOU X” synchronic spoken data

17. Discussion 2013/05/11 Po-Ya Angela Wang 王伯雅

18. Discussion

19. Discussion

20. Discussion subjectification speaker’s perspective speaker-external event

21. Discussion personification Topicalization: 其实虽然有书在台大 其实虽然在台大有书

22. Discussion “YOU”+NP

23. Discussion

24. Discussion assertive nǐ [yǒu] [ zài chīfàn] ma nǐ [yǒu zài] [chī fàn] ma ? Assertive+perfective

25. now 你现在有在吃饭吗 你最近有在吃饭吗 recently

26. Conclusion 2013/05/11 Po-Ya Angela Wang 王伯雅

27. Metaphorical extension: SPACE>TIME Existential/ possession affirmative Invited Inferencing Theory Aspect marker • Coexistence of meaning • Direction • subjectification

28. Thank you !! Po-Ya Angela Wang 王伯雅 Email: differe94nt@hotmail.com r01142009@ntu.edu.tw