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Development of Speech Sounds in Infants: From Cooing to Real Words

Explore the stages of speech sound development in infants, from cooing to the first real words. Learn about phonological processes, common errors, and the transition from babbling to meaningful speech sounds.

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Development of Speech Sounds in Infants: From Cooing to Real Words

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  1. DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

  2. I. DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS • A. Introduction

  3. When we gather case histories…

  4. Medlineplus.gov 2018** • Almost 1 of every 10 infants born in the U.S. is premature • A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks. Preemie = baby born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.

  5. Fogle, 2019—potential problems with preemies:

  6. Gleason & Ratner (2017). Language development (9th ed.)

  7. II. INFANT SPEECH PRODUCTION • Youtube • Baby cooing • (by Lamialockheart) • (the video actually shows • the phonation stage)

  8. ** • This early stimulation is necessary because speech sounds originate at the laryngeal level • However, noncrying sounds are much more important in the development of speech

  9. These sounds are usually produced** during feeding or in response to caregivers

  10. Infraphonological Stage 1

  11. Infraphonological Stage 2** • Primitive articulation 1-4 months • Goo and coo happen (vocalizations produced at back of oral cavity)

  12. Infraphonological Stage 3

  13. Universal stages of language acquisition -- Vocal play • Youtube—4 month old baby

  14. Infraphonological stage 4

  15. Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 2017:** (not on test) • 12 consonants account for 95% of babies’ productions: • /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, w, j, s, h/

  16. Youtube talking twin babies (reduplicated babbling) • Universal stages of language acquisition -- Variegated babbling • Laura McGarrity

  17. III. INTEGRATIVE STAGE** • Onset of speech; may last till 18 mos. old, include first true words • Jargon: meaningful words combined with nonmeaningful babbled sounds • Gibberish: Sequenced but nonmeaningful syllables produced with adult-like prosody

  18. IV. TRANSITION PERIOD: PROTOWORDS Adult speech babbling protowords

  19. Protowords are** • Vocalizations consistently produced under specified stimulus conditions • Not based on recognizable adult models • Not true words

  20. V. FIRST REAL WORDS: MEANINGFUL SPEECH** • 1. Stable—consistently produced • 2. Used in a particular stimulus context • 3. Must resemble the adult form • 4. predictable consequence (e.g., adult reaction)

  21. Youtube example of real words • 15 month old baby girl answers Mama's questions

  22. VI. SOUND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT** • A. Single Phonemes • Age of development: 50% of children produce sound accurately • Age of mastery: 75-90% of children produce sound accurately:

  23. Mastery--I am very interested in this info for test 1  (p. 168)

  24. The next slide is just for your information…** • You are not responsible for it on the test • It’s in your Simply Brilliant book 

  25. Cross-Sectional Study Example: Great for Parents!!!

  26. B. Consonant Clusters** • Information is contradictory • Please know the bullet-pointed list of conclusions on p. 164

  27. Consonant clusters

  28. C. Vowels

  29. VII. COMMON ERRORS • A. Liquids • B. Nasals

  30. C. Alveolar and Palatal Fricatives and Affricates

  31. D. Glides

  32. E. Labial and Dental Fricatives

  33. F. Stops

  34. G. Consonant Clusters** • Obstruents: stops, fricatives, affricates (everything except glides, liquids, and nasals) • ***usually clusters are reduced to the obstruent*** • Obstruent + /w/ clusters reduced to the obstruent • tɪn/twɪn kæk/kwæk • Obstruent + /l/ clusters reduced to the obstruent • fiŋ/fliŋ gæd/glæd

  35. In consonant clusters…

  36. Obstruent + /r/ clusters ↓ to obstruent** • taɪ/traɪ kik/krik • Clusters with /s/ + consonant ↓ to /w/, nasal, or stop component of the cluster • tap/stap pɪt/spɪt nɪf/snɪf • Three-member clusters (e.g., squirrel) usually ↓ to stop • piŋ/spriŋ kɜ:ʳl/skwɜ:ʳl

  37. VIII. INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH

  38. Hilarious youtube video • 5 year old tries to have a conversation with Siri • Do you hear any speech sound errors?

  39. (please memo for test; p. 175)

  40. IX. TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT: PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES** • Researchers have boiled this down to processes disappearing and persisting after 3 years of age • This helps us know what to treat in therapy and what not to worry about

  41. A. Processes Disappearing by 3 yrs.

  42. B. Processes Persisting After 3 yrs.

  43. Processes persisting after 3 (cont.)

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