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Eating Disorder

Eating Disorder . By: Joey Niccum, Chandler Holliman, Ruben Hughes, and Kyle Grundon. Causes . Causes can come from 4 different factors Psychological Interpersonal Social Biological

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Eating Disorder

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  1. Eating Disorder By: Joey Niccum, Chandler Holliman, Ruben Hughes, and Kyle Grundon

  2. Causes • Causes can come from 4 different factors • Psychological • Interpersonal • Social • Biological • Eating disorders are complex conditions that can arise from a variety of potential causes. Once started, however, they can create a self-perpetuating cycle of physical and emotional destruction. Professional help is recommended in the treatment of eating disorders.

  3. Causes - Psychological • Factors in this category include: • Low self-esteem • Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life • Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness

  4. Causes - Interpersonal • Factors include • Troubled family and personal relationships • Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings • History of being teased or ridiculed based of size or weight • History of physical or sexual abuse

  5. Causes - Social • Factors include: • Cultural pressures that glorify “thinness” and place value on obtaining the “perfect body” • Narrow definitions of beauty that include only women and men of specific body weights and shapes • Cultural norms that value people on the basis of physical appearance and not inner qualities and strengths

  6. Statistics • Prevalence • It is estimated that 8 million Americans have an eating disorder – seven million women and one million men • One in 200 American women suffers from anorexia • Two to three in 100 American women suffers from bulimia • Nearly half of all Americans personally know someone with an eating disorder (Note: One in five Americans suffers from mental illnesses.) • An estimated 10 – 15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are males.

  7. Statistics • Mortality Rates • Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness • A study by the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders reported that 5 – 10% of anorexics die within 10 years after contracting the disease; 18-20% of anorexics will be dead after 20 years and only 30 – 40% ever fully recover • The mortality rate associated with anorexia nervosa is 12 times higher than the death rate of ALL causes of death for females 15 – 24 years old. • 20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems

  8. Statistics • Adolescents • Anorexia is the 3rd most common chronic illness among adolescents • 95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25 • 50% of girls between the ages of 11 and 13 see themselves as overweight • 80% of 13-year-olds have attempted to lose weight

  9. Types of Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa • Binge Eating Disorder

  10. Symptoms- Anorexia Nervosa • Extreme thinness (emaciation) • A relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy weight • Intense fear of gaining weight • Distorted body image, a self-esteem that is heavily influenced by perceptions of body weight and shape, or a denial of the seriousness of low body weight • Lack of menstruation among girls and women • Extremely restricted eating.

  11. How to Recognize- Anorexia Nervosa • Person usually sees themselves as overweight when they are clearly underweight. • Eating, food, and weight control usually becomes obsessions. • Those with Anorexia Nervosa tend to weigh themselves frequently, carefully portion food, and only eat select foods.

  12. Time-Developing Symptoms- Anorexia Nervosa • Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis) • Severe constipation • Growth of fine hair all over the body (lanugo) • Damage to the structure and function of the heart • Damage to the structure and function of the heart • Multiorganfailure • Infertility

  13. Symptoms- Bulimia Nervosa • Having reoccurring and frequent episodes or spells where one eats large amounts of food. Or in other words they have episodes of binge-eating. • This binge-eating is followed by behavior that compensates for the overeating such as forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these behaviors. • People of healthy weight and/or slightly over-weight usually suffer from Bulimia Nervosa. • Like Anorexia Nervosa, this is done with the fear of gaining weight in mind.

  14. How to Recognize- Bulimia Nervosa • Person usually views one’s self as overweight. • They often fear gaining weight, want desperately to lose weight, and are intensely unhappy with their body size and shape. • Suffer from feelings of disgust or shame.

  15. Time Developing Symptoms- Bulimia Nervosa • Chronically inflamed and sore throat • Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area • Worn tooth enamel, increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth as a result of exposure to stomach acid • Acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems • Intestinal distress and irritation from laxative abuse • Severe dehydration from purging of fluids • Electrolyte imbalance (too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals) which can lead to heart attack.

  16. Symptoms- Binge Eating Disorder • Person looses control over his/her eating control. • Often eats massive amounts of foods at a time. • Does not compensate with vomiting, dieting, or excessive exercising after consumption of food. • Eating even when you’re full • regret and self-loathing

  17. How to Recognize- Binge Eating Disorder • The eater tends to be severely overweight or obese. • He/she deals with shame. • They also experience guilt, shame, and distress about their binge-eating, which can lead to more binge-eating. • He/she tries to eat in secret. • Embarrassment of Eating • Hiding or stockpiling food to eat later in secret

  18. Time Developing Symptoms- Binge Eating Disorder • People with binge-eating disorder who are obese are at higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. • Type 2 diabetes • Becoming Obese • Gallbladder disease • Heart disease • Osteoarthritis

  19. Local Help • For local help of Anorexia Nervosa there is a local Vacaville Therapist specialized for help treating Anorexia and Bulimia. For more information Click Here • Also Located in Vacaville, Healthy Partnerships Inc. is available to help those who suffer from eating disorders. For more information Click Here

  20. Treatment/Recovery-Anorexia Nervosa • Restoring the person to a healthy weight • Treating the psychological issues related to the eating disorder • Reducing or eliminating behaviors or thoughts that lead to insufficient eating and preventing relapse.

  21. Treatment/Recovery- Bulimia Nervosa • involves a combination of options and depends upon the needs of the individual. • To reduce or eliminate binge-eating and purging behaviors, a patient may undergo nutritional counseling and psychotherapy • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  22. Treatment/Recovery- Binge Eating Disorder • Treatment options for binge-eating disorder are similar • Individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) • Fluoxetine and other antidepressants may reduce binge-eating episodes and help lessen depression

  23. Prevention- Eating Disorders • Discourage the idea that a particular diet, weight, or body size will automatically lead to happiness and fulfillment. • Choose to challenge the false belief that thinness and weight loss are great, while body fat and weight gain are horrible or indicate laziness, worthlessness, or immorality. • If you think someone has an eating disorder, express your concerns in a forthright, caring manner. Gently but firmly encourage the person to seek trained professional help. • Avoid conveying an attitude that says, “I will like you better if you lose weight, or don’t eat so much, etc.”

  24. Other Information- Eating Disorders • Men can suffer from a eating disorder because they find the need to gain more muscularity. Which also leads to the use of Steroids. • Eating disorders are one of the most common psychological problems facing young women in Japan. • Researchers are finding that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors. • Celebrities that have suffered from eating disorders include: Paula Abdul, Elton John, Joan Rivers, Lynn Redgrave, andmore.

  25. Citations • Smith, Melinda, Suzanne Barston, Jeanne Segal, and Robert Segal. "Binge Eating Disorder." HelpGuide.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov 2012 • “Eating Disorders.” National Institute of Mental Health. N.p., n.d, Web. 11 Nov 2012. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders/complete-index.shtml • “Eating Disorder Statistics.” South Carolina Department of Mental Health. DMH. Web. 11 Nov 2012

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