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Investigating the World

Investigating the World. The Nature of Geography. Year 8 Global Geography : 4G1 Term 1. Show Geography Matters clip. What is Geography?. The Nature of Geography. Geography is concerned with where people and places are located and the patterns of features on the Earth’s surface.

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Investigating the World

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  1. Investigatingthe World The Nature of Geography Year 8 Global Geography : 4G1 Term 1

  2. Show Geography Matters clip What is Geography?

  3. The Nature of Geography • Geography is concerned with where people and places are located and the patterns of features on the Earth’s surface. By studying Geography we can become active and informed citizens and do something to help protect our future

  4. Geography involves two key dimensions: Ecological dimension how humans interact with environments • Spatial dimension • the physical aspects of • where things are and • why they are there

  5. Lingo List

  6. Key Definitions

  7. Key Definitions

  8. Key Definitions cont.

  9. Key Definitions cont.

  10. Key Definitions cont.

  11. Key Definitions cont.

  12. Environment Classifications

  13. We classify our environment into 2 features: Physical Human • Human features are those that are man made • Examples of human features include houses, schools, roads, railways, shopping centres and buildings. • Physical features are those that occur naturally • Examplesinclude the weather, air, plants (flora), animals (fauna), rocks and soil, as well as the water in rivers, lakes and seas, and the sun (heat and light) Geographers examine environments and are interested in the relationships between physical and human features.

  14. Activity 1 Research famous human and physical features such as Angel Falls, Grand Canyon, Mount Rushmore, The Great Wall of China.

  15. Physical Elements Of The Environment

  16. Ecosystems The way in which physical elements interact in a particular environment. living non living. Non-living things, such as water, rocks and soil are called abiotic • Living things, such as plants and animals are called biotic

  17. Quick Review • Is the following biotic or abiotic? • A tree • A river • An insect • Grass • Snow • A rock • A dog • Soil

  18. The 3 main processes that connect all parts of an ecosystem are: the energy flowWater Cycle and Nutrient Cycle

  19. Physical Elements of the Environment

  20. 1. The Energy Flow • Plants capture about 1% of the solar energy that reaches the Earth from the Sun. • Through the process of photosynthesis plants convert this energy into carbohydrates that are a food source for their growth and the animals that eat them • In an ecosystem: • the source of energy is the Sun • energy is stored in the plants and animals, the biotic part • energy is used for growth and generates heat

  21. 2. The Water Cycle • Water is essential for life and flows through all ecosystems. • When heated by the Sun, water evaporates, turning into water vapour. • If water vapour rises it cools and condenses forming clouds. • Precipitation falls from the clouds and the water either soaks into the ground or flows over the surface back in to rivers • In the water cycle (also known as the hydrological cycle): • clouds are made of water droplets • rain, sleet, snow and hail are all types of precipitation • transpiration is water loss from plants

  22. 3. The Nutrient Cycle • Plants gain the water and nutrients they need for growth from the soil. • The nutrients then pass along a food chain as plants are eaten by animals and they, in turn, are eaten by other animals. • Eventually the plants and animals die, and the nutrients are returned to the soil by the decomposers. • In the nutrient cycle: • the plants are the producers • animals that eat plants are called herbivores • animals that eat animals are called carnivores

  23. Human Elements of the Environment

  24. Overview • There are very few environments left in the world that are completely natural. • In most places humans have had some influence on the landscape. • Land has been cleared for agriculture, rivers have been dammed to provide water. Industries have been developed to process raw materials and people have created settlements in which to live.

  25. Agriculture • Agriculture involves human activities that shape the landscape. • In some parts of the world the natural environment has been significantly changed by farming practices. • Patterns created by agriculture vary from patchworks of tiny fields typical of subsistence farming in Asia to the featureless expanses created by modern commercial grain farming in North America.

  26. Settlements • Settlements are where people live • They range in size from isolated farmhouses with one or two people to huge world cities, such as Tokyo with a population over 35 million. • The buildings that people construct within settlements often reflect their culture as well as the physical environment.

  27. Industry • The production of goods • Factors affecting location of industry include: • Capital (money available) • Labour (people to work) • Market (need for the product)

  28. Human elements of the environment Industry • Modern high-tech industries are more concerned with access to their markets and reducing labour costs • Modern business parks exist today and factories have moved from richer to poorer countries to reduce their costs

  29. Physical or Human?

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