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Public Policy Management in Nepal: Context and Issues

Public Policy Management in Nepal: Context and Issues. Jagadish C. Pokharel, Ph.D. jagadish@pokharel.net Nepal Administrative Staff College May 2, 2019. We will discuss. Public Policy Policy management Policy making process Policy implementation Evaluation and reformulation

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Public Policy Management in Nepal: Context and Issues

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  1. Public Policy Management in Nepal:Context and Issues Jagadish C. Pokharel, Ph.D. jagadish@pokharel.net Nepal Administrative Staff College May 2, 2019

  2. We will discuss • Public Policy • Policy management • Policy making process • Policy implementation • Evaluation and reformulation • Policy management environment in Nepal • Issues of policy management

  3. Public Policy • A purposive and consistent course of action produced as a response to a perceived problem of a constituency, formulated by a specific political process, and adopted, implemented, and enforced by a public agency • Policy is made to solve a problem • Has goal, intermediate steps for action • Public officials make the final decision and are accountable for its implementation

  4. What is special about public policy? • Different types of Actors: Political actors, Officials and Experts • Social groups more or less fragmented. • Different types of stakes and interests. • Long term and short term • Affecting large parts of territory and population, • Multiple resource commitment such as knowledge, trust, money, land, authority, power etc. are committed in the process.

  5. Policy Management Involves the following elements • Policy making • Policy implementation • Policy implementation monitoring • Impact evaluation and • Reformulation

  6. Ideal Public Policy Making Process in a Democracy Policy Program Agenda Implementation Issues Picked up Evaluation Issues

  7. Determinants of Public Policy Outcome • Policy Making Process • Key actors and their commitment • Ownership • Resources commitment • External environment • Political context • Economic context • Social Context

  8. Policy Environment In NepalPost 2047 Political Environment: • Liberal, multiple actors, plural interests, democratic • Interest groups play • Lobbying influencing/ constituency oriented • State, market and civil society collaboration • International influences– idea / resources/ interests • Stronger Private Sector and Civil Society

  9. Policy ConcernsPost B.S. 2047 • Decentralized governance • Participatory development • Economic growth • Major development problem • Poverty reduction • Economic growth • Regional balance • Social security

  10. Policy Environment Post 2063 Transition • Long political transition • Weak State • Weak Civil Society • Weak Private Sector • Weak local community • Strong International Partners

  11. Actors In Public Policy Arena In Nepal(Post 2047 BS) ……. State Active Regulator Guide protective National Policy Making Arena Private Sector Efficiency Investment At the top Competitive Outward looking Cooperatives At the base Participatory Social capital Civil society

  12. Basis for Informed Policy Making • National Census every 10 years • Surveys (periodic) Living Standard Surveys, Nepal Demographic Health Survey, Labor Force Survey, sectoral surveys, Nepal Rastra Bank data, and others • Evaluation reports • International agencies’ reports • Independent research institutions • Academic works

  13. Public Policy Evaluation • Implementation • Effectiveness/ Efficiency, • Sustainability • Relevance • Values considered • Democracy • Inclusiveness • Participation of stakeholders • Consensus • Equity • Protection of diversity and pluralism

  14. Learning Mechanism • Periodic evaluation of implementation and change – mid term, terminal • Lessons drawn and fed into policy arena • Feeding into policy related decision– change, revision, termination etc

  15. External Influences in Policy Making • International Donors/ partners • Idea • Policy Design • Implementation • Monitoring • Resource • Expertise • Interest groups (esp. NGO)

  16. Current Policy Context Constitution 2072 • New State Structure • Three tiers of government • Federal • Provincial • Local • Main concerns • Inclusiveness • Equity and justice • proportional representation • Regional power and interests • Stronger State/ more interventionist • Civil Society and Private Sector Role Limited • International Partners’ influence

  17. Public Policy Issues • Ownership • Political representatives • Affected people • Real stakeholders • Accountability • Analysis • In adequate information • Availability/adequacy/ reliability/ comparability and correctness of data • Rigor of analysis/ conclusion/recommendation • Resources commitment • Implementation capacity

  18. Public Policy Issues ….. • Linkage between • Policy • Plan • Program/ projects • Activities • Resources • Learning and improving • Weak loop • Institution/ mandate/ Capacity • Other

  19. … Thank you for your Attention

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