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Database Design

Database Design. Presented to Molecular Biology Bioinformatics Meeting by Norbert Kremer April 29, 2002. Database Features. Efficient storage and retrieval of data relevant to a specific purpose Data integrity Security Performance, indexing Best design depends on application.

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Database Design

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  1. Database Design Presented to Molecular Biology Bioinformatics Meeting by Norbert Kremer April 29, 2002

  2. Database Features • Efficient storage and retrieval of data relevant to a specific purpose • Data integrity • Security • Performance, indexing • Best design depends on application

  3. Database Technologies • Manual Systems • Shoebox full of index cards • Yellow stickies • Mechanical Systems • Hollerith Cards • Indexing holes

  4. Database Technologies • Automated Systems • Flat file, fields in fixed or delimited columns • Early database systems: network, hierarchical • Client-server paradigm: relational database management systems • Object databases, e.g. AceDB • Object-relational, e.g. Oracle 9 • XML, eg Neocore and Tamino

  5. RDBMS Features 1/2 • Data stored as tables with keys • Sound mathematical foundations in set theory, T.Codd, IBM Research Labs • Relational algebra – closure • Best for highly structured data

  6. RDBMS Features 2/2 • SQL is most common relational language • SQL is non-procedural, relationally complete • Robust, mature technology, performance and scalability, security, data integrity

  7. Relational Table Structure • Examples showing • One big table • Multiple tables with keys • Normalization Process • Data elements depend on the “key, the whole key, and nothing but the key”

  8. Data Modeling • Identify and define data elements • Discover logical relationships between data elements

  9. Software Engineering Methodology

  10. Data Integrity • Constraints enforced by DBMS • Transaction processing

  11. Data Integrity - Constraints • Constraints enforced by DBMS • Central location eases maintenance • Uniform application in all code • Cannot be subverted by malicious or lazy programming • Foreign keys

  12. Data Integrity - Transactions • ACID Properties • Atomic • Consistent • Isolated • Durable

  13. Data Integrity - Transactions • ACID Properties • Atomic Logical unit of work, complete all or roll back • Consistent All constraints observed • Isolated Transactions are independent • Durable “Commit” is irreversible

  14. Software Engineering Methodology

  15. PowerDesigner Demo • Graphical communication among analysts, architects, developers, end users • Centralized maintenance of database schema and data dictionary • Forward engineering (SQL script from model) • Reverse engineering (model from existing database) • Medline example, showing modeling process for “associative tables”

  16. References • WinSQL graphical database client for any ODBC-compliant database (just about all) Get the free Lite version from http://www.indus-soft.com/winsql/ • ODBC driver for MySQL (also need the usual MySQL client installed) http://www.mysql.com/downloads/api-myodbc-3.51.html • Powerdesigner 9 Trial The trial is fully functional for 45 days. See http://www.sybase.com/products/enterprisemodeling/powerdesigner

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