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BLUE VIOLET LASER DIODE

BLUE VIOLET LASER DIODE. HISTORY. Until the mid 1990s, when blue semiconductor lasers were developed, blue lasers were large and expensive gas laser instruments which relied on population inversion in rare gas mixtures and needed high currents and strong cooling.

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BLUE VIOLET LASER DIODE

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  1. BLUE VIOLET LASER DIODE

  2. HISTORY Until the mid 1990s, when blue semiconductor lasers were developed, blue lasers were large and expensive gas laser instruments which relied on population inversion in rare gas mixtures and needed high currents and strong cooling. Thanks to prior development of many groups, including, most notably, professor Isamu Akasaki's group, Shuji Nakamura at Nichia Corporation and Sony Corporation in Anan (Tokushima-ken, Japan) made a series of inventions and developed commercially viable blue and violet semiconductor lasers. The active layer of the Nichia devices was formed from InGaN quantum wells or quantum dots spontaneously formed via self-assembly. The new invention enabled the development of small, convenient and low-priced blue, violet, and ultraviolet UV lasers, which had not been available before, and opened the way for applications such as high-density HD DVD data storage and Blue-ray discs. The shorter wavelength allows it to read discs containing much more information.

  3. Blue lasers usually operate at 405 nanometers but in general the operation of these devices was demonstrated between 360 and 480 nm. Currently there are also 473 nm (bright blue) laser pointers on the market but they are still very expensive. The most popular 405 nm laser is not in fact blue, but appears to the eye as violet, a color for which a human eye has a very limited sensitivity. When pointed on many white objects the dot appears blue which is actually fluorescence, the same effect as a backlight lamp. For display applications, where the "true blue" color is required, a wavelength of 450-460 nm is required. Such lasers are already on the market. The last big challenge is related to the construction of a "true green" InGaN laser (around 530 nm). Many companies demonstrated devices working at only slightly shorter wavelengths: 480-500 nm.

  4. SANYO 405nm blue violet laser diode (blue laser) SANYO 405nm blue-violet laser diodes, output powers from 7mW to 85mW, tiny 5.6mm package, with a stable, low-noise beam structure produced using ion implantation. SANYO's tiny blue-violet laser diodes are available in industrial strength up to a massive 85mW optical output power, the highest power available in a single mode laser diode with an internal monitor photodiode. This internal monitor photodiode, which can be used to accurately stabilise and control the optical output power, plus their stable beam structure, lower noise and lower current consumption, enables these SANYO blue-violet laser diodes to offer the performance required for critically demanding industrial and medical applications such as biomedical instrumentation, medical imaging, fluorescence sensing, high-resolution printing, advanced DVD, large capacity optical data storage and industrial alignment.

  5. 405nm Blue-Violet Laser Module with TTL Modulation These compact and efficient 405nm blue laser diode modules produce either an elliptical output beam or a 2mm circular output beam with output powers from 0.9mW to 60mW. The glass AR coated spherical lens may be adjusted to produce either a collimated beam or focused spot. The standard lens may be replaced by other optical systems such as line generators. The blue laser diode is extremely stable and reliable and offers the added advantage of TTL modulation input which will accept signals from DC up to 1 kHz maximum. TTL modulation can be used to enable, inhibit or modulate the laser. Designed as a complete laser diode solution, the 405nm laser modules are suitable for use in applications such as biomedical instrumentation, imaging, spectroscopy, laser induced fluorescence sensing, microscopy and many other emerging technologies.

  6. APPLICATIONS... • Areas of application of the blue laser include : • Telecommunications • Information technology • Environmental monitoring • Electronic equipment • Medical diagnostics • Micro projectors and displays

  7. BLUE -VIOLET LASERS EVOLVE TOWARDS NEXT GEN DVDS For next-generation DVD drives to become "standard equipment" they will need to cost less and deliver faster recording speeds. This article looks at some of the measures being taken to achieve this. Before next-gen digital videodisc (DVD) drives can be mounted as standard equipment in personal computers (PC), audio-visual (AV) equipment and similar products, they will need to cost less and offer faster recording speeds and other improvements. Prices will have to drop to a tenth or less of what they are now by 2012, while the recording speed will have to be at least six times faster. One way that the price of next-gen DVD drives could be lowered is through major price cuts on the key components, including the optical head, the blue-violet laser diode light source in the head, and the GaN wafer substrate used to make the laser. If the optical head could be made cheaper it would make a big difference to the final price of the drive, because the head currently accounts for almost 50% of the total cost. The optical components used in the optical head will have to be reviewed, improvements made in the productivity of the blue-violet laser diodes, and GaN wafer production capacity raised to drop substrate cost (Fig 1).

  8. 12x recording to a disc with two or more layers will need a review of points including the head optics and control system, higher output power for the blue-violet laser diode used as the light source, and higher quality in the GaN wafers. These efforts will mean more light reaches the disc surface, making a higher recording speed possible. A review of head optics, controls and other characteristics is needed to ensure efficient transmission of the light from the blue-violet laser diode to the disc surface. If the laser output can be raised it will increase the intensity of light reaching the disc surface. Likewise, if GaN substrate quality can be improved, laser degradation will be minimal even at the higher output, achieving higher output and long-term reliability simultaneously.

  9. Improving Optical Heads • A variety of improvements are needed in optical heads, including : • lower cost of optical components; • reduction in quantity of components, such as optical parts and detectors, to boost recording speed; • higher ratio of real optical output power from the optical head, compared to the light output by the laser diode itself (referred to below as optical utilization efficiency); and • a review of methods used to detect tracking error signals.More is needed than merely cheaper heads, faster recording and the like, though: the new drives will have to be able to handle compact discs (CD), DVD and next-gen optical discs, all in a case no larger than that of existing drives - which raises another crucial improvement: • smaller optics.

  10. GALLIUM NITRIDE (GaN) LASER DIODE Gallium-nitride (GaN) laser diodes were a major innovation of the late 90's. They have significantly extended the wavelength range accessible to semiconductor laser diodes towards the lower end of the visible spectrum. They have entered volume production with the advent of next-generation optical storage technologies. Today, GaN diodes are achieving power levels up to a hundred milliwatts. They are therefore credible replacements for older laser technologies in the near-UV, violet and blue wavelength range. However, getting a fully adapted laser product out of a GaN laser diode requires a set of optical, electronics and integration skills. Indeed, a wide variety of problems have to be addressed and these include beam shaping, diode lifetime optimization, thermal management, diode current regulation, sensitivity to ESD phenomena, etc. With the Violet platform and the Blue-488, Oxxius solved these issues for its customers and offers a fully managed off-the-shelf GaN diode in an easy-to-use and compact laser module. The Violet is available today at 375 nm, 405 nm and 445 nm. The Blue-488 is a reliable alternative to the 488 nm line of the Argon lasers and to other solid-state technologies, offering a stable output with minimal power consumption.

  11. RECENT DEVELOPEMENTS In the last decade, AlGaInN-based laser diodes have been the subject of extensive research and development particularly for applications such as high density optical storage, e.g. Blue-ray. Since the first demonstration of a nitride laser diode in 1996 by Nichia Corporation , the field has been dominated by the Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) epitaxial growth technique. The alternative growth method of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) has only recently been successful in producing an AlGaInN laser despite the efforts of many research groups worldwide. MBE presents many potential advantages over MOCVD such as lower source material consumption, high purity material, in-situ growth monitoring. In January 2004 we reported the first InGaN quantum well laser diode grown by MBE . The structures were grown on commercially available GaN template substrates consisting of ƒ¡ƒ~ƒÝm thick Si doped GaN deposited on a sapphire substrate by MOVCD. The threshold current density (Jth) of the devices was ~30kAcm-2. This relatively high Jth was attributed to the rough and non-vertical nature of the mirror facets formed using a plasma etching technique. The threshold current density of these first devices was too high to achieve continuous-wave (CW) operation.

  12. Red and even green lasers are now fairly common but blue lasers not so much. So, if you want to have the latest fashionably cool laser color this year, we've got you covered. This laser outputs light in the 405 nanometer wavelength which produces a very unique blue-violet color beam, that is unusual for a handheld pointer. This is also the same wavelength used in Blu-ray DVD players. The shorter wavelength allows more data to be stored than on a standard DVD which uses a red laser (650 nanometer). This laser is certainly awesome but it's also useful for applications such as biomedical instrumentation, imaging, spectroscopy, laser induced fluorescence sensing, microscopy. And if you're not into any of those activities, then this laser can be used to write on photoluminescent material like our Glow Graffiti. 405nm wavelength Output power of <5mW Continuous wave (not pulsed) output Batteries: takes two CR2, 3V Batteries are not included Class IIIa laser product Dimensions: 5.9" x .625" 6 months warranty

  13. GROUP MEMBERS GEORGE.P.V DHANYA THOMAS AIDA ANN ISSAC DEEPA WILLIAMS MARY KITTY THANK YOU!!!

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