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Changes in Household Vehicle Fleet Compositions & Policy Implications

This presentation examines the evolving composition of household vehicle fleets and its implications for transportation policy, particularly focusing on the impacts of fuel taxes on different income groups. It highlights how low-income drivers, who are more likely to drive fuel-inefficient vehicles, may face equity challenges. Utilizing data from the National Household Travel Surveys (1995, 2001, 2009), the research identifies trends in vehicle types, ages, and efficiencies across various demographics. The analysis suggests that household fleet compositions are aging and may exacerbate existing equity issues for low-income and minority households.

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Changes in Household Vehicle Fleet Compositions & Policy Implications

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  1. Changes in Household Vehicle Fleet Compositions & Policy Implications Stacey Bricka and Trey Baker Texas Transportation Institute Presented at the 13thNational TRB Transportation Applications Conference May 11, 2011 -- Session 19 --

  2. Why is this important? • The fuel tax is the primary source of funding for state and federal transportation programs • Fuel taxes are levied on a per-gallon basis, meaning that taxes paid per-mile increase as fuel efficiency decreases • If low income drivers are more likely to drive a low fuel efficiency vehicle, then there are likely to be equity implications

  3. Why is this important? If low income drivers are more likely to drive a low fuel efficiency vehicle, then there are likely to be equity implications

  4. Equity Implications • The benefitsprinciple • those who pay a tax should be the ones who benefit • those who pay equal amounts should receive equal benefit • The ability to pay principle • consumers of governmental goods and services should pay according their ability to pay

  5. Research Questions • How has household fleet composition changed over time? • Vehicle Type • Vehicle Age • Fuel Efficiency • Are there differences based on income or minority status? • Are there differences at the state vs. national levels?

  6. Approach 1995, 2001, and 2009 NHTS • National + Add-on Samples • Household Vehicles • 1995: 176,066,656 vehicles • 2001: 209,586,200 vehicles • 2009: 211,501,318 vehicles • Poverty levels defined according to US-HHS • Race is self-reported for the head of the household

  7. National HH Fleet Composition

  8. HH Fleet by Income At/Below Poverty Above Poverty

  9. HH Fleet by Minority Status Non-Minority Minority

  10. Vehicle Age

  11. Vehicle Age by Income At/Below Poverty Above Poverty

  12. Vehicle Age by Minority Status Minority Non-Minority

  13. 2009 Fuel Efficiency by Vehicle Age

  14. Preliminary Conclusions • Household Fleet Composition has changed over time. • We own 14% fewer cars and 12% more SUVs • HH at/below poverty experienced a similar shift, but also acquired 4% more vans • Minority HH experienced a stronger shift from car (16%) to SUV (14%)

  15. Preliminary Conclusions • Household Fleets are aging.

  16. Preliminary Conclusions • Possible Equity Issue for Households at/below Poverty Levels.

  17. Future Research • Consider VMT • Consider subgroups • Single parent HH • Urban/rural HH • Continue to investigate regional/state differences

  18. Thank you! Stacey Bricka – s-bricka@tamu.edu Trey Baker – r-baker@ttimail.tamu.edu

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