The Neuropsychology of Music

1. The Neuropsychology of Music • Different levels of inquiry into the neuropsychology of music • The analysis of normal and abnormal psychological and physiological functions to determine the principles and modes by which the human brain processes, codifies, stores, and produces music. • A description of the clinical deficits in music perception or performance resulting from localized or diffuse damage to the nervous system.

2. Music, Language, and Brain Characteristics of mental modules Fodor (1983, 2001) Mental modules have: • Rapidity of operation • Automaticity • Domain specificity • Information encapsulation • Neural specificity • Innateness

3. Music, Language, and Brain Case Reports of Selective Impairment in Auditory Recognition of Words, Tunes, and Other Sounds Peretz & Coltheart (2003) Reports Auditory Domains Tunes Words Other Sounds C.N. & G. L. - + + (voices) I.R. - + + H.V. - + + 11 cases of - + + (voices) cogenital amusia 1 case + - + 1 case + - + N.S. + - +

4. Music, Language, and Brain Syntactic Structure in Language and Music Patel (2003) Syntactically good chord sequence: Syntactically odd chord sequence:

5. Music, Language, and Brain Syntactic Structure in Language and Music Patel (2003)

6. Music, Language, and Brain Neural Evidence for Syntactic Overlap in Language and Music Patel et al. (1998)

7. CEREBRAL CORTEX:Four Lobes CEREBELLUM BRAIN STEM Frontal Lobe:Initiation Problem solving JudgmentInhibition of behaviorPlanningAnticipation Self-monitoring Motor planning Personality EmotionsMotivationAwareness of abilitiesOrganization Attention Concentration Mental flexibility Speaking Parietal Lobe:Sense of touch Seeing differences in size, shape, color Spatial perception Visual perception Temporal Lobe:MemoryHearing Understanding languageOrganization Sequencing Music Awareness Occipital Lobe:Vision BalanceCoordinationSkilled motor activity Relay StationConsciousnessAlertnessBreathingHeart RateBasic body functions Brain Organization in Music Parts of the Brain

8. Brain Organization in Music Heschl’s Gyrus (HG) in a Normal Brain (Johnsrude et al., 2000)

9. Brain Organization in Music Patient’s Brain showing HG Lesions (Johnsrude et al., 2000)

10. Brain Organization in Music Pitch Discrimination Findings (Johnsrude et al., 2000)

11. Brain Organization in Music Schematic Diagram of the Missing Fundamental

12. Brain Organization in Music Missing Fundamental Stimuli Patel & Balaban (2001)

13. Brain Organization in Music Brain Activation to Tonally Modulating Melodies Janata et al. (2002)

14. Brain Organization in Music Tonally Modulating Chord Sequences Koelsch et al. (2003)

15. Brain Organization in Music Brain Activation to Chord Sequences Koelsch et al. (2003)

16. Brain Organization in Music Brain Activation to Chord Sequences At Position 3 Koelsch et al. (2003)

17. Brain Organization in Music Melodic Expectation Granot & Donchin (2002)

18. Brain Organization in Music Melodic Expectation, con’t Granot & Donchin (2002)

19. Brain Organization in Music Harmonic Priming Bharucha & Stoeckig (1987) Related Context Unrelated Context

20. Brain Organization in Music Brain imaging and harmonic priming Tillman, Janata, & Bharucha (2003)

21. Brain Organization in Music Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and Harmonic Priming Regnault, Bigand & Besson (2001)

22. Brain Organization in Music Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and Harmonic Priming, con’t Regnault, Bigand & Besson (2001)

23. Brain Organization in Music Neural Representation of Rhythmic Sequences Sakai et al. (1999)

24. Brain Organization in Music Neural Representation of Rhythmic Sequences, con’t Sakai et al. (1999) Behavioral Data Average Reproduced Rhythms: 1 : 2 : 3 1 : 2.02 : 3.18 1 : 3 : 4 1 : 2.06 : 4.04 1 : 2.5 : 3.5 1 : 3.33 : 3.69

25. Brain Organization in Music Neural Representation of Rhythmic Sequences, con’t Sakai et al. (1999) fMRI Data