1. Chapter 20 Cultural Diversity

2. Concepts of Culture • Culture • Blueprint for thinking and acting • Learned and taught • Shared • Social in nature • Dynamic and adaptive (continued)

3. Concepts of Culture • Ethnicity and race • Cultural similarities • Biological similarities • Labeling and stereotyping • Inaccurate assumptions • Leads to conflict between nurses and clients of different cultures (continued)

4. Concepts of Culture • Dominant values in U.S.: • Achievement and success • Individualism, independence, and self-reliance • Activity, work, and ownership • Efficiency, practicality, and reliance on technology (continued)

5. Concepts of Culture • Dominant values in U.S.: • Material comfort • Competition • Youth and beauty

6. Multiculturalism in the U.S. • By 2050: • Hispanics will make up 25 percent of population • Value of diversity • Differences due to ethnic, racial, and cultural variables (continued)

7. Multiculturalism in the U.S. • Value of diversity • Provides new ideas, varying perspectives, and tolerance • May cause splitting, ethnocentrism, and discrimination • Nurses must honor diversity while understanding client’s perception and significance (meaning) of event (illness)

8. Organizing Phenomena of Culture • Communication • Space • Orientation to time (continued)

9. Organizing Phenomena of Culture • Social organization • Family • Linear • Collateral • Individualist (continued)

10. Organizing Phenomena of Culture • Gender • Lifestyle • Religion

11. Cultural Disparities in Health and Health Care Delivery • Vulnerable populations: • Indigent • Homeless • Environmental control • Folk medicine • Biologic variations

12. Transcultural Nursing • Study of different cultures and subcultures with respect to cultural care, health beliefs, and practices • Goal: • Provide care within context of client’s culture (continued)

13. Transcultural Nursing • Cultural competence • Providing nursing care appropriate to client’s cultural context • Requires knowledge about cultural values related to health and illness

14. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Elements required to provide culturally sensitive care: • Self-reflection • Facilitation of client choice • Cultural knowledge • Effective communication (continued)

15. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Ethnic heritage • Family • Religious practices • Food preferences • Native language • Social networks (continued)

16. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Educational experiences • Family patterns of health care • Health care beliefs (continued)

17. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Diagnosis • Some may be culturally biased • Noncompliance • Impaired verbal communication • Impaired social interaction • Deficient knowledge • Disturbed thought processes • Powerlessness (continued)

18. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Planning and outcome identification • To develop effective care plans, nurses need to understand cultural group’s perspectives on: • Life processes • How to maintain wellness • Causes of illness • Healers in cure and care of illness (continued)

19. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Major nursing interventions: • Self-awareness • Use of nonjudgmental approach • Client education (continued)

20. Cultural Competence and the Nursing Process • Evaluation • Affirm client strengths and potential for growth