1 / 12

Chemistry 1020 Laboratory

Chemistry 1020 Laboratory. Classification of Organic Compounds. Hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are the fundamental framework of organic compounds, which contain only hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbon Classes.

phillip-pacheco
Télécharger la présentation

Chemistry 1020 Laboratory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chemistry 1020 Laboratory Classification of Organic Compounds

  2. Hydrocarbon • Hydrocarbons are the fundamental framework of organic compounds, which contain only hydrogen and carbon

  3. Hydrocarbon Classes • Hydrocarbons can be classified into three classes based on their structure and chemical behavior: alkane, alkene and alkyne, aromatic hydrocarbon • Various classes of hydrocarbons react differently with many reagents

  4. Alkane • Saturated, single bond (C-C) CnH2n+2: CH4, C2H6, C3H8…… H3C - CH3, H3C - CH2 - CH3

  5. Alkene and Alkyne • Alkene: Unsaturated, double (C=C) CnH2n: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8…… H2C = CH2, H2C = CH- CH3, H2C = CH– CH2 - CH3 • Alkyne: Unsaturated, triple bond (CC) CnH2n-2: C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 HC  CH, HC C- CH3, HCC– CH2 - CH3

  6. Aromatic Hydrocarbon • Benzene cyclic structure, hybridized bond that are intermediate in behavior to single and double bonds C6H5-CH3, C6H5-CH2-CH3

  7. Combustion • The type and color of flame and smoke are different due to their different amount of carbon content • The extent of oxidation for the same hydrocarbon could be different: 2C2H6 + 3O2 4C + 6H2O 2C2H6 + 5O2 4CO + 6H2O 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2+ 6H2O

  8. Saturation • Bromine (Br2): - react very slowly with alkanes - easily adds to multiple bonds of alkenes and alkynes - react with aromatic hydrocarbon only in the presence of a catalyst (iron) +: red-brown disappear - : remain red-brown

  9. Oxidation • Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) – a strong oxidizing agent: - react very slowly and lesser extent with alkanes - attack the more reactive double bonds of alkenes and alkynes, forming compounds of higher oxidation state - don’t react with aromatic hydrocarbon because of unusual stability of the aromatic ring structure +: pink disappears - : remain pink

  10. Safety • Organic solvent used are very volatile and flammable, and their vapors are explosive in air so be extremely careful with open flames • The unknowns should be treated as if they are toxic and flammable, should be handled very carefully • Wastes should be collected and never thrown in the sink

  11. Pre-lab Questions • You have to know the names and structures of a compound in different classes of hydrocarbons • You have to know the equation balance for different products in the combustion • You have to know the different classes of hydrocarbons have different reactivity • Know how to classify an unknown from the test results

More Related