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Virtuality of Nanotechnology

By N.S.Venkatesh, T.John college of pharmacy, Bengaluru . Virtuality of Nanotechnology. Richard Feynman (1918-1988). Physicist. Shared Nobel Prize in 1965 for “Quantum electrodynamics” “ There’s plenty of room at the bottom ”. Beginning of nanoscience.

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Virtuality of Nanotechnology

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  1. By N.S.Venkatesh, T.John college of pharmacy, Bengaluru. Virtuality of Nanotechnology

  2. Richard Feynman (1918-1988). Physicist. Shared Nobel Prize in 1965 for “Quantum electrodynamics” “There’s plenty of room at the bottom” Beginning of nanoscience

  3. Nano in greek means “dwarfs” Nanotechnology is the ‘engineering of functional systems at the nanoscale’ (atomic, molecular, macromolecular). What is nano?

  4. Human hair = 20,000 nm; can carry 1 lakh nanoparticle. Whole population……you & me is Nano. A small marble piece in earth. 2 Sec ……. 1 nm growth of beard. 10 hydrogen atoms= 1 nm. comparision

  5. Top-down Approach……….Tera to Atto Or (1012 to 10-18). Bottom-up Approach.……..Atto to Micro Or ( 10-18 to 10-6) Different approaches of nanotechnology

  6. Nanoparticle …….gold, silver, platinum, iron. Nanofilaments ……silicone, wrinkle proof cloth. Nanotubes…………carbon tubes. Nanofilms………….graphenes What is nano material?

  7. Physical Method: Ball mill, Laser...etc Chemical Method: (i) Metal Salt + Alcohol / Reducing agent. (ii) Metals (oxides)+reagents+water.....heated-up in a closed vessel……nano particle. Preparation of nanomaterial

  8. Steps involved in physical method • Homogenizer • Ultra Sonicator • Mills • Spray Milling • Supercritical Fluid Technology • Electrospray • Ultracentrifugation • Nanofiltration

  9. Formation of Nanoparticles • Solution of Dextran+ Ferric hexahydrate (acidic solution) • Drip in Ammonium hydroxide (basic) at ~2oC • Stirred at 75oC for 75 min. • Purified by washing and ultra-centrifugation • Resulting Size ~ 10-20 nm • Plasma half-life: 200 min

  10. 1. Passive nanostructure:- Aerosols. (2000) 2. Active nanostructure:- Targeted drugs.(2005) 3. Systems of nano:- Robotics. (2010) 4. Molecular nanosystem:- Atomic design, Military camera (2015-20) Four generations of nanotechnology

  11. Applications of Nanotechnology

  12. 1. Nanocosmetics……Nanosome skin cream. 2.Nanotextiles…….Lotus leaves, PTFE. 3.Nanosensors…….Dog, Dolphin, Tsunami. 4.Drug delivery……..BBB. 5.Tissue engineering….Tissue transplantations. 6.Lap on a chip (LOP)….ABG, Glucometer. 7.CNT display…..Aspect ratio, Clarity, Long lasting 8.Nanocomputers……DNA Storage. Applications

  13. 1.Silver nanoparticle……Aquaguard, Socks. 2.LED ….Gallium nitride Nano+Yellow Phosphorus. 3.MRI………increase brightness of the image. 4.Carbon black…..paint, wear resistance tyres,polish,hard disk,sunscreen lotions (titania). 5.Diagnosis of disease…..CdSe. 6.Damascus Sword…..nanotubes,nanowires. Role in our daily life

  14. SOME SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS in pharmaceuticals • Development of one dose a day ciprofloxacin using nanotechnology. • Tumor targeted taxol delivery using nanoparticles in Phase 2 clinical trial stage. • Improved ophthalmic delivery formulation using smart hydrogelnanoparticles. • Oral insulin formulation using nanoparticles carriers. • Liposomal based Amphotericin B formulation.

  15. Few examples forDrug Delivery Carriers

  16. Graphenes:- A Single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice graphite structure. (gas detection, IC) 7 million= 1mm, elephant Key tools of nanotechnology

  17. Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT):- Cylindrical graphenes.(Entering nuclei of the cell to deliver drugs, TV Displays) Key tools of nanotechnology

  18. Buckyballs:- Spherical fullerenes (any molecule entirely composed of Carbon) Allotropes:- Two or more different physical forms in which an element can present.(diamond, graphite,charcoal) Key tools of nanotechnology

  19. Scaffolds:- Artificial,3D, biodegradable, biocompatible, temporary structure. (Transplantation) Key tools of nanotechnology

  20. Diagnosis :- CdSe IV seep into tumor under uv light cancer cell glows. Cancer Treatment :- Gold nanoparticle + cancer cell Radiation Metal(gold) absorbs energy(heat) Heat up cancer cell cancer cells are cooked inside the body, but healthy cells remain unaffected. Another MOA:- Increased heat Increase hsp90 Up-regulation Increase anti-cancer activity. (By nanotube & nanofibers, peptide inserted into fibroblast) Fibroblast secretes IF alpha Gold nanoparticle in cancer

  21. Gold Nanorod Approach • Gold nanorods coated with bombesin attach to GRP receptors and are taken into the cancer cell. NIR laser energy is absorbed by the gold and kills the cell with heat. Gold permits imaging of the process.

  22. Four R&D Teams Core Research Areas/ Team Leadership Cellular Probes Bio Sensors Core Research Areas Tissue Engineering Drug Delivery Systems

  23. Nanomedicine Future For cancer, the very exciting promises that should be realized over the next 10 years are: 1. Presymptomaticblood diagnoses 2. Targeted Medicine (For breast & prostate Cancer) “This new approach to medicine may help us to have healthy & virtual life style”

  24. THANK YOU

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