Chapter 16 Quiz

1. Chapter 16 Quiz Social Behavior

2. Don’t forget to write your answers on a separate piece of paper to grade when you’re done! 1. Mr. Moffatt overheard another teacher describe one of his students as lazy and unmotivated. Though Mr. Moffatt had not previously noted this tendency, he began to see exactly what the other teacher had noted. What might account for this phenomenon? a) norms b) deindividuation c) social loafing d) self-fulfilling prophecy

3. 2. Some difficult cuts needed to be made in the school board budget and everyone on the board knew that there had to be consensus and cooperation. Even though many members disagreed with certain proposals, each one met with unanimous support or defeat. To preserve cooperation, no one offered conflicting view points. Which of the following concepts is best described by this example? a) group polarization b) fundamental attribution error c) groupthink d) role schema

4. 3. A young woman was gunned down at a gas station. A busload of onlookers saw the entire event and no one did anything. The bus driver even stepped over the body to pay for gas. What social psychological phenomenon best accounts for this behavior? a) group think b) altruism c) social impairment d) diffusion of responsibility

5. 4. You read in a newspaper that survivors in a plane accident in the Andes were discovered to have eaten other survivors during their 32-day ordeal. You will have committed the fundamental attribution error if you a) attribute the behavior to dispositional (personal) factors b) attribute the behavior to situational factors c) think you would have done the same thing if you had been there d) decide never to fly in a plane again

6. 5. Ethnocentrism is the belief that a) ethnic foods are all good b) human diversity is a positive force c) one’s own culture is superior to others d) cultural pluralism is a destructive goal that fosters conflict

7. 6. The effect of one confederate selecting a different line from the others in the Asch conformity test was a) continuing conformity by the subject to avoid looking bad to the others b) the subject asking to voted privately on a separate piece of paper c) a boost to the self-efficacy of the subject d) to release the subject from the conformity effect

8. 7. Janine has always hated the color orange. However, once she became a student at Princeton, she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing. The discomfort caused by her long-standing dislike of the color orange and her current ownership of so much orange-and-black-striped clothing is known as a) cognitive dissonance b) contradictory concepts c) opposing cognitions d) inconsistent ideas

9. 8. Of the following, which would be a good example of a self-serving bias? a) Carlos, who feels that everyone should strive to help themselves as well as others b) Antoine, who says that he has bombed a test even though he always gets an A c) Mai, who works harder for teachers who compliment her on her efforts d) Betty, who believes that she works harder than others and is underappreciated

10. 9. _________ is to an unjustified mental attitude as _________ is to unjustified negative behavior a) stereotype; discrimination b) prejudice; discrimination c) discrimination; prejudice d) stereotype; prejudice

11. 10. Which of the following is NOT a key determinant of whether or not two people will become friends? a) opposing views on key social issues b) similarity of interests and social backgrounds c) proximity d) physical attractiveness

12. 11. Social loafing refers to a) increases in socializing among members of larger groups b) the reduction of effort by individuals when they work in groups c) the loss of coordination among group members’ efforts d) a tendency to blame others for the group’s poor performance

13. 12. On Monday, Tanya asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday’s test until Friday. After her teacher flatly refused, Tanya asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday. Tanya is using the compliance strategy know as a) foot-in-the-door b) norms of reciprocity c) strategic bargaining d) door-in-the-face

14. 13. A group that one belongs to and identifies with is known as a) a stereotype b) a social schema c) an outgroup d) an ingroup

15. 14. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the basic elements of the persuasion process? a) source b) receiver c) channel d) intensity

16. 15. Marriages arranged by families and other go-betweens remain common in cultures high in a) individualism b) collectivism c) self-perception d) self-monitoring

17. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. B Chapter 16 Answer Key

18. Essay Question Possibilities!! • One of the following essay questions will appear on your test, be familiar with all of them!!

19. Essay Question # 1 • How could you explain the matching hypothesis in terms of operant conditioning?

20. Essay Question # 2 • Evidence suggests that women tend to be more self-disclosing (telling another person private information about oneself) than men. Explain how self-disclosure might help or hinder the development of interpersonal attraction. Which theorist(s) investigation love would be most likely to consider self-disclosure as an important element in love?

21. Essay Question # 3 • Daryl Bem’s self-perception theory suggests that behavior determines attitudes. This counterintuitive notion is reminiscent of the James-Lange theory of emotion. How are the two theories similar yet different from each other?

22. Essay Question # 4 • It’s commonly believed that most political elections are determined by the public’s impressions of the candidates rather than the candidates’ views on the issues. What are some possible reasons for this irrational voting behavior? If the public were more knowledgeable about factors that affect person perception and attitudes, how might that knowledge influence voting behavior?

23. Essay Question # 5 • Why do you think so many of the “teachers” in Milgram’s “shocking” experiment on obedience administered the highest levels of shock to their “learners”? In answering this question you undoubtedly made some sort of attributions of the teachers’ behavior. Analyze the attributions you made in terms of what you’ve learned about attribution theory from the text.

24. Good Luck! • Make sure to double check all of your answers and study them for the upcoming exam. Remember, AT LEAST FIVE of the questions from this quiz will make some sort of appearance on the chapter test along with one of the essay questions. • Take advantage of this study guide and good luck on your test!