An Overview of Cloud Computing

1. IT685 หัวข้อพิเศษในเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ 2 IT&Cloud/ Infrastructure An Overview of Cloud Computing Asst.Prof.Dr.Surasak Mungsing

2. What is Cloud Computing?

3. Objective • To provide a general overview of cloud computing including: • How could affect my future business • Is the cloud for me and my business • What are some of the issues I should consider • Why should this be important to me

4. Overview • Cloud computing concepts and definition • Cloud Characteristics, Types and Deployment Models • Cloud infrastructure • Issues • Clouds vs. Traditional

6. Origin of the term “Cloud Computing” “Comes from the early days of the Internet where we drew the network as a cloud… we didn’t care where the messages went… the cloud hid it from us” – Kevin Marks, Google First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction) Second cloud around documents (WWW data abstraction) The emerging cloud combines the infrastructure complexities of servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms

7. Summarized History • 1960 - John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility" • Early 1990s – The term “cloud” comes into commercial use referring to large networks and the advancement of the Internet. • 1999 – Salesforce.com is established, providing an “on demand” SaaS (Software as a Service). • 2001 – IBM details the SaaS concept in their “Autonomic Computing Manifesto” • 2005 – Amazon provides access to their excess capacity on a utility computing and storage basis • 2007 – Google, IBM, various Universities embark on a large scale cloud computing research project • 2008 – Gartner says cloud computing will “shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them”

8. Definition • Lots of confusion • Several different “loosely applied” definitions • a style of computing in which massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided "as a service" using Internet technologies to multiple external customers

9. DefinitionContinued • an internal or external “cloud enabled” service offering • the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as a service over the Internet. • a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet.

10. DefinitionContinued • Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. (NIST Definition, National Institute of Standards and Technology) • This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.

11. 5 Essential Cloud Characteristics • On-demand self-service • Broad network access (Internet) • Resource pooling • Location independence • Rapid elasticity • Measured service

12. Additional Cloud Characteristics • Cloud computing often leverages: • Massive and Rapid scalability • Homogeneity • Virtualization • Resilient computing • Low cost software • Geographic distribution, (many datacenters) • Service orientation • Advanced security technologies

13. Cloud Deployment Models • Private Cloud (a.k.a. Internal Cloud) • enterprise owned or leased • Community Cloud (a.k.a. External Cloud) • shared infrastructure for specific community • Public cloud (a.k.a. External Cloud) • Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure • Hybrid cloud • composition of two or more clouds

14. Deployment Model

15. Cloud Service Models • Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) • Use provider’s applications over a network • Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud • Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other fundamental computing resources • To be considered “cloud” services are deployed on top of cloud infrastructure that has the key characteristics

16. Issues with the Cloud • Security (number 1 concern) • Performance • Availability • Lack of Standards • Inability to Customize • Hard to Integrate with current in-house IT • Regulatory requirements • Not enough suppliers yet

17. Analyzing Cloud Security • Clouds are massively complex systems that can be reduced to simple primitives that are replicated thousands of times • These complexities create many issues related to security as well as all aspects of Cloud computing • Clouds typically have a single security architecture but have many customers with different demands • Cloud security issues may drive and define how we adopt and deploy cloud computing solutions • Highly sensitive data is likely to be on private clouds where organizations have complete control over their security model

18. Objectives of Cloud Computing • Core objectives and principles that cloud computing must meet to be successful: • Security • Scalability • Availability • Performance • Cost-effective • Acquire resources on demand • Release resources when no longer needed • Pay for what you use • Leverage others’ core competencies • Turn fixed cost into variable cost

19. More on Security • Trusting vendor’s security model • Where is the data stored and who is securing it • Inability to respond to audit requirements • Indirect administrator accountability • Loss of physical control • Data retention / backup standards • Redundancy / Disaster Recovery • Handling Compliance • GLBA, HIPAA, SOX, PCY • State laws • International – EU Data Protection Directive • FTC Scrutiny • SAS 70 Audits

20. Cloud Based Service examples • Peer to Peer • BOINC, Skype • Web Apps • Facebook, Twitter, YouTube • Security as a Service • MessageLabs, Purewire, ScanSafe, Zscaler • Software plus services • Microsoft Online Services • Software as a Service • GoogleApps, Salesforce, SpringCM • Storage • Content Distribution • BitTorret, Amazon CloudFront • Sychronisation • LiveMesh

21. Clouds vs. Traditional Hosting • Three distinct characteristics that differentiate clouds from traditional hosting • It is sold on demand • Typically by the minute or the hour • It is elastic • A user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time • The service is fully managed by the provider • The consumer needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access

22. Cloud Economics • Estimates vary widely on possible cost savings • “If you move your data center to a cloud provider, it will cost a tenth of the cost.” – Brian Gammage, Gartner Fellow • Use of cloud applications can reduce costs from 50% to 90% - CTO of Washington D.C. • IT resource subscription pilot demonstrated a 28% cost savings - Alchemy Plus cloud (backing from Microsoft) • “Using Cloud infrastructure saves 18% to 28% before considering that you no longer need to buy peak capacity” – George Reese, founder Valtira and enStratus • When implementing Cloud you must consider other costs which may not be apparent today.

23. Virtual Private Cloud

25. Cloud Architecture

26. Different Cloud Computing Layers‏ MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM, Google Apps; Salesforce.com Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco Application Service (SaaS)‏ Google App Engine, Mosso, Force.com, Engine Yard, Facebook, Heroku, AWS Application Platform 3Tera, EC2, SliceHost, GoGrid, RightScale, Linode Server Platform Storage Platform Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ... mark.baker@computer.org

27. Services Application Development Platform Storage Hosting Cloud Computing Service Layers Services Description Services – Complete business services such as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa Application Focused Application – Cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online Development – Software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce Platform – Cloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid Infrastructure Focused Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS Hosting – Physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

28. An Introduction toSaaS and Cloud Computing

29. The challenge • Add new services for your users quickly and cost effectively

30. Software as a Service • Software delivery model • Increasingly popular with SMEs • No hardware or software to manage • Service delivered through a browser • Advantages • Pay per use • Instant Scalability • Security • Reliability • APIs • Examples • CRM, Financial Planning, Human Resources, Word processing • Commercial Services: Salesforce.com, emailcloud

31. Platform as a Service • Platform delivery model • Platforms are built upon Infrastructure, which is expensive • Estimating demand is not a science! • Platform management is not fun! • Popular services • Storage • Database • Scalability • Advantages: • Pay per use • Instant Scalability • Security • Reliability • APIs

32. Infrastructure as a Service • Computer infrastructure delivery model Access to infrastructure stack: • Full OS access • Firewalls • Routers • Load balancing • Advantages • Pay per use • Instant Scalability • Security • Reliability • APIs

33. Common Factors • Pay per use • Instant Scalability • Security • Reliability • APIs • Advantages • Lower cost of ownership • Reduce infrastructure management responsibility • Allow for unexpected resource loads • Faster application rollout • Cloud Economics • Multi-tenented • Virtualisation lowers costs by increasing utilisation • Economies of scale afforded by technology • Automated update policy

34. Examples of usage • SaaS • Your current CRM package is not managing the load or you simply don’t want to host it in-house….use a SaaS provider such as Salesforce.com • Your email is hosted on an exchange server in your office and it is very slow…outsource this using Hosted Exchange. • PaaS • You need to host a large file (5Mb) on your website and make it available for 35,000 users for only two months duration. Use Cloud Front from Amazon. • You want to start storage services on your network for a large number of files and you do not have the storage capacity…use Amazon S3. • IaaS • You want to run a batch job but you don’t have the infrastructure necessary to run it in a timely manner. Use Amazon EC2. • You want to host a website, but only for a few days. Use Flexiscale.

35. Q&A

36. Suplementary Reading • Cloud Computing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing • Question & Answer http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/c/f/cloudcomputing.htm • ระบบประมวลผลกลุ่มเมฆ http://www.vcharkarn.com/vblog/38378/5