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Sexuality

Sexuality . Chapter 6. How does sociology approach the study of sexuality? Culture and social structure The sociological Imagination Understanding statistics. Sexuality is Complex. It is made up of sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual scripts. Sexual Scripts.

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Sexuality

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  1. Sexuality Chapter 6

  2. How does sociology approach the study of sexuality? • Culture and social structure • The sociological Imagination • Understanding statistics

  3. Sexuality is Complex • It is made up of sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual scripts.

  4. Sexual Scripts • Many of us think that our sexual behavior is spontaneous, when in general, we tend to follow internalized sexual scripts/social scripts • In what ways do socialization agents influence dominant sexual scripts in society.

  5. Sexual Orientation • Homosexual—attracted to others of the same sex. • Heterosexual—attracted to others of the opposite sex. • Bisexual—attracted to sexual partners of both sexes. • Asexuality?

  6. Choices that Reflect Sexual Values • How much sex and how soon in the relationship? • Require a condom for vaginal or anal intercourse? • Require a condom and/or dental dam for oral sex? • Require testing for sexually transmitted infection (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before becoming sexually active? • Tell partner number of previous sexual partners? • Tell partner of sexual fantasies and desires? • Do expressed sexual values correlate with sexual behavior?

  7. Sexual Values • Absolutism • A religious absolutist makes sexual choices based on moral considerations. • Relativism • Emphasizes that sexual decisions should be made in the context of a situation. • Hedonism • “If it feels good, do it.” • Are men or women more likely to be hedonistic?

  8. Why People Have Sex

  9. Asceticism • A subcategory of absolutism. • The ascetic believes that giving in to lust is unnecessary and attempts to rise above the pursuit of sensual pleasure into a life of self-discipline and self-denial. • Catholic priests, monks, nuns, and some other celibates have adopted the sexual value of asceticism.

  10. Functions of Sexual Values Solidifying Self-Identity Scripting of Sexual Behavior Selecting Dating/Marriage Partners Reducing STD/HIV Risk

  11. Sex in American History • 1940’s-Social Norms emphasized that love, sex, and marriage were deeply intertwined • 1960’s-Sexual Revolution led to greater openness about sexuality • Recreational sex vs. reproductive sex • By the mid 1970’s, the fear of pregnancy, the concepts of sin and guilt, and the value of virginity had changed • Video- The History of Sex

  12. 21st Century: Risk, Caution and Intimacy • More health risks in sexual encounters. • Relationships between the sexes are more egalitarian.

  13. How Much do Young People know about Sex? • Some of our young people know about sex and are sexually active, but some are not. Some do not know how to prevent sexually-transmitted diseases. • On a national survey of 13-year-olds, it was found that fewer than 1/3 were able to identify the most effective pregnancy method, and fewer than 2/3 knew the number-one method of preventing STDs (condoms).

  14. Sources of Sexual Values and knowledge • School • Family • Religion • Peers • Reproductive technologies • How do media sources portray male and female sexuality? (Music videos)

  15. Does our society deny sexuality and at the same time encourage it? What results? • Should parents or schools be responsible for sex education? • Do all parents teach their kids about sex? • Should they? • Do all schools teach about sex? • Should they

  16. Sex Education • Abstinence only programs • Virginity pledges-does it delay initiation of sexual activity? • Abstinence plus, AKA Comprehensive sexual education • Most parents prefer comprehensive, which includes discussing contraception and AIDS/STD prevention • Does this type encourage sexual activity?

  17. Sexual Infidelity • Sexual infidelity doesn't necessarily involve sexual intercourse. • Emotional infidelity • Online infidelity is increasing. • Is cybersex cheating?

  18. Infidelity • Difficult to accurately measure • Recent highly-respected national surveys show that in any given year, about 4% of married people have sex outside their marriage. • Over a lifetime, about 16% say they have had an extramarital affair. The numbers are higher for men than for women.

  19. Why do people cheat? • Micro level reasons • Macro level factors (Societal)

  20. Gender Differences in Sexuality • Gender differences in Sexual Beliefs • Gender differences in sexual behavior • Social Scripts • What is the sexual Double standard? Does it still exist?

  21. Sexuality in Relationships: the Never-Married • The never-married and not living together report more sexual partners than those who are married or living together. • Compared with marrieds and cohabitants, the unmarried, reported the lowest level of sexual satisfaction.

  22. Sexuality in Relationships: Marriage • Marital sex is distinctive for its: • social legitimacy • declining frequency • satisfaction (physical and emotional)

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