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is a branch of Linguistics that deals with the spoken form of the language. <br>It studies the production, transmission, and reception of the speech sounds.<br>It deals with all possible sounds human vocal organ can produce.
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PHONETICS NAVEEN BABU
What is PHONETICS • is a branch of Linguistics that deals with the spoken form of the language. • It studies the production, transmission, and reception of the speech sounds. • It deals with all possible sounds human vocal organ can produce.
The Air stream mechanism • Speech sounds are produced with the help of an air stream • The movement of air through the speech organs during the process of speech production is called as the air stream mechanism. • An air stream mechanism is the arrangement of parts of the vocal tract that act as a source of energy for the production of speech sound. • In other words, the physiological systems involved in the production of speech sounds is known as the air stream mechanism. • The air we breathe out is modified into speech sounds by the action of certain organs of our body. • the organ that sets the air stream in motion is called the initiator. • The air stream that is pushed out is called eggressive . • The air stream that is drawn is called ingressive.
THE ORGANS OF SPEECH • When we breathe out air from our lungs, several organs in the vocal tract modify the air stream to convert it into speech sounds. • Those organs of the human body which help to produce speech sounds are together called Organs of speech.
Based on te funtions organs of speeh can be classified into three groups or systems
Speech sounds are two types Consonants • A consonant is a speech soud during the articulation of whic there is an obstruction within the oral cavity or narrowing of air passage by various organs of speech so that lung air escape with audible friction • During the production of certain consonants , vocal cords vibrate , those consonants are called voiced consonants. • During the production of the rest of the consonats , vocal cord do not vibrate, those consonants are called voiceless consonants Vowels • Vowels are sounds in which there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to the lips. • Vowels may be either long or short.
Consonants of english There are 24 consonants in english The following details regarding their production are necessary for the description of these consonants. 1. The nature of the air stream mechanism All consonants sounds in english are produced with a pulmonic eggressive air stream mechanism. 2. The state of glottis. The consonants of english are either voiced or voiceless depending on whether the vocal cords vibrating or not. 3. The position of the soft palate Some consonants of english are nasal and the others are oral depending on whether the soft palate (velum) is kept lowered or raised respectively. 4. The place of articulation In the desciption of a of consonant we must specify at what point or points and between which organs does the closure or narrowing take place. 5. The manner of articulation The type of closure or narrowing involved in the production of a sound.
diphthongs • From the point of view of their quality , vowels sounds are of two types Monophthongs and diphthongs. • The position of the tongue remains unchanged thoughout the production of monothongs (pure vowels) • So the quality of the monophthongs does not change during its articulation. • Diphthoongs are sounds during the production of which the tongue starts in the position required for the particular vowel and moves in the direction of the position required for the articulation of another vowel within a syllable.
