20150509 真题 写作

1. 顶上教育 topschool.com 20150509真题 写作 Writing

2. 2 1 分析考古文物类综合写作并讲评作文 主要内容 分析教育课程类独立作文并讲评作文

3. 1 分析考古文物类综合写作并讲评作文

4. 阅读材料分析 Throughout the Greek islands, archaeologists have found over 200 plate-sized ceramic disks dating to about 2000 to 3000 B.C.E. The disks are typically decorated on one side, while the other side is undecorated and has a raised edge that creates a shallow basin. They usually also have short handles. Archaeologists are still unclear about what the objects were used for. Three theories about their function have been proposed. 开头段： ceramic disks，decorated on one side，shallow basin，short handles，theories about function Key words:

5. Pans for Cooking Food Some archaeologists believe that the objects were used for cooking food. These archaeologists believe that food was placed on the undecorated side and that the raised edge on that side prevented the food from falling out of the pan. The handle would have made it easier and safer to remove the pan from a cooking fire or oven. 论证段一： cooking food，food placed on，undecorated side,，raised edge，prevent from falling Key words:

6. Drums Other archaeologists believe that the objects were drums for making sounds. These archaeologists point out that animal skins could have been stretched over the side with the raised edge, creating an air chamber that would have amplified sound when the animal skin was struck. According to this theory, the person doing the drumming would hold the drum by the handle with one hand and strike the skin with the other hand. 论证段二： Key words: drums， making sounds，animal skins， air chamber，amplified sound

7. Mirrors Yet other archaeologists believe that the objects were a kind of ancient mirror. Although the objects are not made of a reflective material, they could have been used to create a reflection by pouring a liquid, such as olive oil, into the shallow basin with the raised edge. Supporters of this theory point out that the decorations found on the ceramic disks are similar to decorations found on hand-held metal mirrors made in ancient Greece. 论证段二： ancient mirror，reflective material，pouring a liquid，olive oil，shallow basin，raised edge，hand-held mirrors Key words:

8. 阅读材料提取信息 Main point: Three theories can explain the function of the plate-sized ceramic disks First, the disks could be used as pans for cooking food, with food placed on the undecorated side and prevented from falling by the raised edge. Supporting idea 1: Second, the disks could function as drums which can make sound and drummers can hold the handle while performing. Supporting idea 2: Third, the disks could be mirrors, with their decorations resembling those of the Greek ancient mirrors. Supporting idea 3:

9. 听力文本分析 These ancient ceramic disks certainly served some purpose, but it’s still not clear what that purpose was. None of the theories you read about is very convincing when you consider the objects closely. Key words: serve some purpose，none is convincing

10. Second, the drum theory; well, remember that the disks are ceramic. Ceramic disks of this size and shape would not make a very pleasant sound, even with an animal skin stretched over them. They just wouldn’t sound the way a drum should. A ceramic drum would also have been heavy and hard to use. Drums made of wood and animal skins are much easier to make and play, and also sound much better. It’s hard to understand why anyone would make a ceramic drum when better materials for drums were available. Key words: not make pleasant sound，heavy，hard to use

11. Third, the mirror theory; well, to make a mirror you’d have to fill the basin with liquid, place the disk on a horizontal surface, and then bend over it to look down at your reflection. But that would mean placing the disk with its decorated side down. In other words, the elaborate decoration would be entirely hidden from view. Why would ancient craftspeople have made elaborate decorations that no one could see? The metal mirrors that had similar decorations worked very differently. People held them up vertically so anyone could see the decorations. Key words: liquid， horizontal surface， decoration hidden， vertically

12. 听力信息提取 Main point: The disks could not be used for pans, drums or mirrors. The pan theory is weakened by the fact that the disks stayed untainted with any marks. Supporting idea 1: The drum theory is groundless in that the ceramics is unsuitable for making drums. Supporting idea 2: The mirror theory is unconvincing in that the decoration had to be hidden from view rather than being displayed vertically Supporting idea 3:

13. 范文 The reading passage posits three theories explaining the function of the ceramic disks. However, the lecturer makes a point-by-point refutation of these theories. 阅读总观点+听力总观点+二者关系（听力反驳阅读观点） 开头段： 阅读总观点： 陶瓷碟子功能的三种假说 三种有关其功能的假说都不靠谱 听力总观点： 听力反驳阅读观点 二者关系： The reading passage proposes three theories___, However, the lecturer makes a point-by-point refutation of___ 相关表达句式：

14. First, the author of the reading passage posits that the disks could function as pans for food. However, the lecturer counters that this theory is untenable. If the disks were indeed used as pans, they would have become blackened or discolored with contact of the heat, yet there are no marks on none of the over 200 disks found. This inconsistent evidence makes the pan theory less convincing. 论证段一： 听力分观点1+听力细节内容+与阅读分观点1的关系+阅读分观点1 听力分观点1： 陶瓷碟片不可能是炒菜锅 听力细节内容： 如果是锅，高温会让其变黑或褪色，但已发掘的200个碟片都没有烧过痕迹 陶瓷碟片是炒菜锅 阅读分观点1： 听力反驳了阅读中提出的炒菜锅假说 二者关系： First, the author of the reading passage posits that___ However, the lecturer counters that ___This inconsistent evidence makes ___theory less convincing. 相关表达句式：

15. As to the second theory, the lecturer refutes it by questioning the possibility using ceramics as the drum material. Compared with drums made of wood and animal skins, drums made of ceramic, if they had ever existed, would be essentially flawed: they would have poor sound quality that hardly resembles the sound of normal drums as well as being quite heavy and hard to play. These drawbacks make ceramic an unsuitable material for this use, thus weakening the drum theory. 论证段二 ： 听力分观点2+听力细节内容+与阅读分观点2的关系+阅读分观点2 陶瓷碟片不可能是鼓 听力分观点2： 听力细节内容： 陶瓷碟片音效差，太重，不适宜做鼓 阅读分观点2： 陶瓷碟片是鼓 二者关系： 听力反驳了陶瓷鼓假说 As to the second theory, the lecturer refutes it by questioning the possibility___ thus weakening___ 相关表达句式：

16. Third, the mirror theory is also put into question. To function as a mirror, a ceramic disk would have to be placed on a horizontal surface to allow water to fill in its basin and produce reflection. However, this positioning would mean that the decorated side would be at the bottom and completely hidden from view. This use would defeat the purpose of making such elaborate decorations in the first place. In contrast, metal mirrors with similar decorations would be positioned differently: the ancient Greeks held them vertically to allow the decoration to be displayed. Therefore, the ceramic disks were also probably not used as mirrors.

17. 论证段三 ： 听力分观点3+听力细节内容+与阅读分观点3的关系+阅读分观点3 听力分观点3： 陶瓷碟片不是镜子 灌入反光液体必须让镜子水平放置，这样装饰面就得朝下，没人能看见；而以前的金属镜子竖直放置，可以让装饰被看见 听力细节内容： 阅读分观点3： 陶瓷碟片是镜子 二者关系： 听力反驳了镜子假说 相关表达句式： Third, the mirror theory is also put into question___

18. 2 分析教育课程类独立作文并讲评作文

19. Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

20. 话题 教育&课程 问法 同意与否（绝对词- 好处vs坏处）

21. 开头段（立论+两个分论） I disagree that all university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. If a student isn’t majoring in history, it would be irrelevant for them to take any courses. Also, a lot of students simply don’t have time. Studies for their major likely take up the majority of their time, as well as a part time job that they may have.

22. 分论1（坏处：高中学过，且与主修无关） It’s likely that our first experience with history is a course that we’re required to take in high school in order to graduate. This begins the negative trend of having to take a course simply because it’s a requirement. As a junior or senior high school student, we’re confronted with American history, state history and perhaps even a general course in western civilization or world history. When we move to college, there’s likely a similar history course structure that we’re also required to take. This is great if you’re studying to be a history major, or even a history teacher. However, so many history courses are simply irrelevant for students like me; a math major. I don’t see why I need to waste my college credits on history courses that won’t help me work towards my math degree.

23. 分论2（坏处：大学事务繁忙，无暇顾及） It’s frustrating that my college requires me to take history classes. I’m so busy already and I spend an additional five to seven hours per week attending history class and writing papers or preparing for exams. In addition to that, I just picked up a part time job, so now I have even less time to dedicate towards my major studies, let alone a course like history that I don’t really care about. If the university didn’t require us to take these history classes, I would have no issues fitting in my math major studies and my part time job.

24. 分论3（好处：历史重要且有助其他学科，驳论：应当上专门历史而非通史历史）分论3（好处：历史重要且有助其他学科，驳论：应当上专门历史而非通史历史） Though I disagree with the above statement, I can see one benefit to taking some history courses. Simply stated, everything has a history, whether we like it or not. In a way, even history has a history. As much as we try as a society, we can’t escape the past. By studying history, we can study anything for the simple reason that I stated earlier. Ideas, wars, languages, technology, races, surfing, coal miners, pencils, parenthood, and even travel have a history. I could apply this theory to myself in my math studies. However, universities often don’t go into specific histories, other than cultures or civilizations. I think I would greatly benefit learning the history of math or the history of numbers, but that’s just simply not an option at my university.

25. 结论 In conclusion, I feel strongly that all students should not be required by our university to take history classes. In most cases, the study of history is not relevant to the student’s major and it takes up too much time. It’s unnecessary for college students to stress about courses that don’t have an effect on their major course of studies. I simply spend too much extra time worrying about this history class which has no correlation to my math degree.

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