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The Age of Realism and Nationalism: France under Napoleon III and the Crimean War

Chapter 22 delves into the transformative period of 1850-1871, marked by Napoleon III's rise and the Second Empire's formation. Following his election as the first president of the Second Republic, Napoleon III executed a coup d'état in 1851, leading to the restoration of the empire in 1852. His authoritarian regime sparked economic growth and significant social welfare improvements, including the reconstruction of Paris under Baron Haussmann. The chapter also explores the geopolitical landscape during the Crimean War (1853-1856), highlighting the decline of the Ottoman Empire and shifting alliances in Europe.

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The Age of Realism and Nationalism: France under Napoleon III and the Crimean War

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  1. CHAPTER 22 AN AGE OF REALISM AND NATIONALISM 1850-1871

  2. LOUIS NAPOLEON  TOWARD THE SECOND EMPIRE • Elected 1st pres. of the 2nd Republic • 1851 seizes controlcoupd’etat • 1852 holds election to restore the empire • 1852 Emperor Napoleon III and the 2nd Empire begins

  3. NAPOLEON III’s 2nd EMPIRE1852-1870 • Napoleon III  authoritarian ruler • Emperor controls police, military, civil service • Controls the budget, legislation, war • First five years = successful  econ growth • Govt stimulation of econ indgrowth • Improved social welfare programs = hospitals, meds, better housing

  4. RECONSTRUCTION OF PARIS • Designed and directed by BARON HAUSSMANN • Old medieval city destroyed • New modern city created • Wide grand boulevards • Large spacious buildings • Plazas and public squares • Underground sewage system • Public water • gaslights

  5. THE EASTERN QUESTION • Who will benefit from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire

  6. THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE • Ottoman Empire was old and declining • 1699 loses  Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, Slovenia • 1782  Russia seizes Crimea • 1812  Russia seizes Bessarabia • 1817  Serbia declares independence • 1830  Greek independence * Russia and Austria want to take advantage of Ottoman decline

  7. THE CRIMEAN WAR 1853-1856 • War between Russia and Ottomans breaks out 1853 • Britain and France join with the Ottomans against Russia • Russians want the Dardanelles • Britain and France don’t want a stronger Russia • Austria stays neutral

  8. RESULTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR • Ends the Concert of Europe  old regimes become rivals • Russia and Austria become enemies • Russia loses badly  must reform • Britain permanently w/draw from Cont. affairs • Austria is left w/out allies • New situation allows Italy and Germany to unify

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