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.NET 框架 2.0 新特性综述

.NET 框架 2.0 新特性综述. 卢斌 Software Development Engineer Microsoft Corporation. BCL 新功能. Serial port Compression Strongly typed resources Console support Threading Diagnostics Networking 。。。. 演 示. Strongly Typed Resources. Generics “ 泛型 ”. C#. public class List {

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.NET 框架 2.0 新特性综述

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  1. .NET框架2.0新特性综述 卢斌 Software Development Engineer Microsoft Corporation

  2. BCL 新功能 • Serial port • Compression • Strongly typed resources • Console support • Threading • Diagnostics • Networking • 。。。

  3. 演 示 Strongly Typed Resources

  4. Generics “泛型” C# public class List { private object[] elements; private int count; public void Add(object element) { if (count == elements.Length) Resize(count * 2); elements[count++] = element; } public object this[int index] { get { return elements[index]; } set { elements[index] = value; } } public int Count { get { return count; } } } public class List<T> { private T[] elements; private int count; public void Add(T element) { if (count == elements.Length) Resize(count * 2); elements[count++] = element; } public T this[int index] { get { return elements[index]; } set { elements[index] = value; } } public int Count { get { return count; } } } List intList = new List(); intList.Add(1); intList.Add(2); intList.Add(“3"); int i = (int)intList[0]; List intList = new List(); intList.Add(1); // Argument is boxed intList.Add(2); // Argument is boxed intList.Add(“3"); // Should be an error int i = (int)intList[0]; // Cast required List<int> intList = new List<int>(); intList.Add(1); // No boxing intList.Add(2); // No boxing intList.Add(“3"); // Compile-time error int i = intList[0]; // No cast required

  5. Generics “泛型” • 为什么要Generics? • 编译时类型验证 • 高性能 (不用装箱box, 不用转换downcasts) • 减少代码累赘 (typed collections) • VB, C#, MC++ 编写和运用 generics • Generics国际标准化

  6. Generics in VB VB Public Class List(Of ItemType)      Private elements() As ItemType      Private elementcount As Integer      Public Sub Add(ByVal element As ItemType)           If elementcount = elements.Length Then Resize(elementcount * 2)           elements(elementcount) = element           count += 1      End Sub      Public Default Property Item(ByVal index As Integer) As ItemType           Get               Return elements(index)           End Get           Set (ByVal Value As ItemType)              elements(index) = Value           End Set      End Property      Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer           Get               Return elementcount           End Get      End Property End Class Dim intList As New List(Of Integer) intList.Add(1)           ‘ No boxing intList.Add(2)           ‘ No boxing intList.Add(“3")     ‘ Compile-time error Dim i As Integer = intList(0)  ’ No cast required

  7. Generics in C++ C++ generic<typename T> public ref class List {    array<T>^ elements;    int count; public:    void Add(T element) {       if (count == elements->Length) Resize(count * 2);       elements[count++] = element;    }    property T default [int index] { T get() { return elements[index]; }       void set(T value) { elements[index] = value; }    }    property int Count {       int get() { return count; }    } }; List<int>^ intList = gcnew List<int>(); intList->Add(1);           // No boxing intList->Add(2);           // No boxing intList->Add(“3");     // Compile-time error int i = intList[0];        // No cast required

  8. 基础类库泛类 (Generics in BCL) • System.Collections.Generic classes List<T> Dictionary<K, V> Stack<T> Queue<T> • System.Collections.Generic interfaces IList<T> IDictionary<K, V> IDictionary<K, V> ICollection<T> IEnumerable<T> IEnumerator<T> IComparable<T> IComparer<T> • Nullable(Of T) • EventHandler<T> Dim intVal as Nullable(Of Integer) = 5 If intVal.HasValue Then ‘ checks for a value delegate voidEventHandler<T>(Object sender, T e) where T : EventArgs;

  9. 提高 CLR 性能 长远目标: CLR性能指标与非托管本机代码一致 • 减少多个托管进程的marginal cost • 减少托管应用程序起动时间和工作集 NGEN • 将 IL 编译成本机代码, 然后存盘 • 好处: 无需反复将 IL 编译成本机代码, 类的布局也已定型, 起动时间更短 • CLR 2.0:显著地减少了private, non-shareable工作集 • ngen install, ngen update, ngen /queue

  10. 使.NET框架成为更快的编程平台 提高现有API的性能 • 降低应用程序域(AppDomain)开销,应用程序域之间的方法调用 (加快 ~1.1倍-50倍) • 委托(delegate)创建 (~10倍) 和调用 (~2倍) • UTF8Encoding: translation (~2.5倍) 新的高性能 API • 更快的资源查找API • Lightweight CodeGen: 只生成关键代码 (与 Reflect Emit 对比)

  11. 演 示 TryParse

  12. 走向 64 位 • 64 位 Windows 服务器和工作站 • 支持 IA64 和 X64 (AMD64) • Windows Server 2003 SP1和未来的64 位 Windows Client • 支持 WoW64 • 32位应用程序可在 64位机上运行 • CLR1.0 和1.1应用程序在 WoW64上运行 • VS: 作为32位应用程序运行 • 可以开发, 调试和部署32位和64位应用程序 • 新的CLR 64位实时编译, 垃圾回收和程序调试服务

  13. YES YES NO PE32+ NO ILONLY 64bit NO WOW64 YES 32BITREQUIRED • C# Compiler /platform: • <AnyCPU>: ILONLY, NOT 32BITREQUIRED • <x86>: 32BITREQUIRED • <Itanium> or <x64>: PE32+

  14. 演 示 Space Invaders

  15. CLR安全功能 • 支持新的加密服务(cryptography) • 支持 PKI and PKCS7 • 支持 XML 加密 • 更好地支持 X509 certificates • DPAPI (Data Protection API) • 支持托管ACL • 提高应用程序安全 • Permission 计算器 (PermCalc) • Debug-In-Zone

  16. 演 示 SecureString

  17. RAD程序调试 • 编辑－继续能力 (Edit and Continue) 允许的编辑: (例子) • 给类加新的private字段 • 给类加新的private非虚拟方法 • 改写方法内的代码 不允许的编辑: (例子) • 除去字段或方法 • 编辑泛类 (generics) • 序列化(Serialization)不认知新的字段 • Display Attributes 控制调试器显示

  18. SQL Server 集成 • 将开发工具 Visual Studio 与数据管理平台 SQL Server 集成在一起 • 将中间层的.NET框架编程模式和开发技能应用到数据层 • 用托管代码写 Stored Procedures, Triggers, data types • CLR安全系统(类型安全和代码访问安全)

  19. VB, C#, … Build 文件集: geo.dll SQL 数据: create assembly … create function … create procedure … create trigger … create type … SQL Server SQL Queries: SELECT name FROM Supplier WHERE Location::Distance ( @point ) < 3 SQL CLR 功能 VS .NET 项目 定义 Location.Distance() SQL Server 承载 CLR

  20. Sql 编程模式 分割字符串 (Splitting a string) T-SQL • 老方法 (T-SQL)…. declare @str varchar(200) select @Str = 'Microsoft Corporation|SQL Server|2003|SQL-CLR|2002-08-20|11:32:00|Document|3.b.3' SELECT substring(@Str + '|', 0 + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', 0 + 1) - 0 - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|') - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ) declare @str varchar(200) select @Str = 'Microsoft Corporation|SQL Server|2003|SQL-CLR|2002-08-20|11:32:00|Document|3.b.3' SELECT substring(@Str + '|', 0 + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', 0 + 1) - 0 - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|') - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ), substring(@Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|', charindex('|', @Str + '|') + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 )

  21. Sql 编程模式 分割字符串 (Splitting a string) VB 新方法… Public Shared Sub SplitString() Dim s As String s = "Microsoft Corporation|SQL Server|2003|SQL-CLR|2002-08- 20|11:32:00|Document|3.b.3" Dim myArray() As String = Split(s, "|") End Sub

  22. 更多资源 • MSDN Dev Center http://msdn.microsoft.com/developercenters/ • GotDotNet http://www.gotdotnet.com • Microsoft Technical Communities http://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspx • CLR Application Compatibility Lab www.gotdotnet.com/team/changeinfo/compatibility/

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