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Chapter 23

Chapter 23. WHAT IS NATIONALISM? The feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country. HOW NATIONALISM IMPACTS A NATION There are pros and cons to Nationalism…. I. When you DON’T have your own nation yet, nationalism can:.

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Chapter 23

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  1. Chapter 23 WHAT IS NATIONALISM? The feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country. HOW NATIONALISM IMPACTS A NATIONThere are pros and cons to Nationalism…

  2. I. When you DON’T have your own nation yet, nationalism can: • Unite people:separate states with common interests join together to form one new nation [Italy & Germany] • Divide people: separate cultures within a nation  split up to form several new, smaller nations [Ottoman Empire] • Fuel a fight for Independence: a colony fights to rid itself of its foreign oppressor [Latin American Colonies]

  3. II. When you DO have your own nation: • Patriotism: having pride and loyalty for your nation • Ethnocentrism: leading to isolation, false sense of superiority and/or aggressive expansion

  4. What are symbols of patriotism?

  5. View dbking's map Taken in (See more photos here) Marine Corp Memorial Iwo Jima with Washington DC in the distance View dbking's map Taken in (See more photos here) Marine Corp Memorial Iwo Jima with Washington DC in the distance

  6. Unification of Germany 1865

  7. III. Examples of Nationalism A. GERMANY What happened from 1865-1871… • Congress of Vienna (meeting of European powers after Napoleon’s defeat) aimed to… - restore balance of power in Europe - take away freedoms people had gained - put royals back on their thrones Restore the status quo

  8. DURING NAPOLEON – 1790 AFTER CONGRESS OF VIENNA- 1815

  9. 2. This puts the French in charge of some German states. French change several laws which angers the German people. 3. This leads to the rise of nationalism in Germany.

  10. 4. Two most powerful German states are: Austria & Prussia • Prussia takes the lead toward unification • Prussian King = William I (only a figure head) • King’s Chancellor = Otto von Bismark (really in charge)

  11. 5. Bismark is known as the architect of German unity • HIS PLAN is called “Blood and Iron” • Blood – War to take control of German speaking states • Iron – use of German states resources of iron and coal to build a powerful industrial country

  12. HIS POLICY is called “Realpolitik” • politics based on the realistic needs of the state • “The ends justify the means.” = Do whatever is necessary as long as the goal (unification of Germany) is accomplished. What Renaissance thinker did this idea come from? Niccolo Macchiavelli’s The Prince

  13. “…It is the destiny of the weak to be devoured by the strong.” ~Otto von Bismark What perspective that originated during the Industrial Revolution does this quote reflect? Social Darwinism

  14. He created a powerful Prussian army = in pursuit of aggressive foreign policy

  15. 6. Three Wars and German Unification Three Wars over the span of 10 years • Schleswig and Holstein (1864) • Prussia and Austria attack Denmark for control of these two German speaking states • They win- Austria gets Holstein, Prussia gets Schleswig

  16. b. War with Austria (1866) • Also called the Seven Weeks War • Bismark provoked Austria to fight • Prussia annexed Holstein and other northern German states • This allowed Prussia to remain independent

  17. c. Franco-Prussian War (1870) • France fears Prussia’s growing power • Bismark inspires nationalism b/c Prussians still resents Napoleon’s occupation • “Incidents” lead to war • Prussian army crushes the French army

  18. 7. Impact of a unified Germany • Southern Germany states join newly created Germany • William I is named Kaiser (German emperor) at Versailles in 1871 • Second Reich- name of the German empire (1st Reich was the Holy Roman Empire)

  19. Germany industrializes (power rivals Britain) • Bismark (a Lutheran) institutes kulturkampf (“battle for civilization”) laws that discriminated against Catholics and other religions

  20. B. Italy • Italy is divided into 12 small states.

  21. 2. Why unite? • Common language & traditions • Ending economic barriers more wealth • Restore the glory of the Roman Empire

  22. Important individuals who had an impact: • Giuseppe Mazzini • Organizes Young Italians- secret nationalistic society “Ideas grow quickly when watered by the blood of martyrs.”

  23. Count Camillo di Cavour • Prime Minister of Sardinia under King Victor Emmanuel II • Sardinia allies with France to drive Austrians out of Lombardy (a northern Italian state) • In 1860, Parma, Modena and Tuscany join with Sardinia, which unites northern Italy

  24. Giuseppe Garibaldi • Led the Red Shirts (a volunteer army) • Leads revolts in Sicily and in Papal states with the help of Sardinia

  25. Victor Emmanuel II becomes king of Italy in 1861 • Italy acquires Venetia in 1866 • Rome becomes the official capital in 1870

  26. 7. Problems after unification • Catholic Church resents new gov’ts ownership of papal lands • Anarchists (people who want to abolish all gov’t) and socialists create turmoil • Italy slowly industrializes • Pop. increase leads to emigration to U.S., Canada and Latin America

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