Tighter British control

1. Tighter British control By Lissette Vega

2. Bell ringers • 1. Look at the images on pages 160 and 162. How do the colonists feel about being taxed, according to these images? • 2. Why might Great Britain feel justified in imposing taxes on its colonies?

3. The Colonies and Britain grow apart • Britain won the French and Indian War and wanted to govern its 13 original colonies and the territories gained in the war. But they wanted to govern these territories in a uniform way. • The British Parliament in London imposed new laws and restrictions. • The colonies know felt that their freedom was being limited • How did Britain’s policy toward American colonies change after the French and Indian War? • The firsts of Parliament’s laws was the Proclamation of 1763. Which said that colonist couldn’t settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. • This angered colonist because some had hoped to move to the fertile Ohio Valley. Most of the people who wanted to move were colonists that owned no land and colonists who had bought land as an investment.

4. Part 2 • Why did the Proclamation of 1763 anger many colonist. • At the end many people ignored the law • What did many colonists choose to do about the proclamation?

5. British Troops and Taxes • King George 3rd wanted to enforce the proclamation and decided to keep peace with Britain’s Native American allies. • In order to do this he kept 10,000 soldiers in the colonies • 1765 Parliament passed the Quartering Act • The Quartering Act was a cost- saving measure that required the colonies quarter, or house the British soldiers. • The General Tomas Gage, the commander of these forces put most troops in New York. • What was the Quartering Act?

6. Part 2 • Britain owed a large debt from the French and Indian War and keeping the troops in the colonies raised the debt even higher. • In order to make more revenue the colonies had to pay part of the war debt. Also wanted them to help out with the costs of the frontier defense and colonial government. • Why did Parliament seek to impose greater taxes on the colonies? • In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act. • This law placed taxes on sugar, molasses, and other shipped products to the colonies. • James Otis a young Massachusetts lawyer thought that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies, since the colonists weren’t represented by Parliament. • Why did the colonists oppose the Sugar Act.

7. Britain passes the stamp act • In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act. This required all legal and commercial document to have an official stamp showing that a tax has been paid. • What was the Stamp Act? • The Stamp Act was a new kind of tax for the colonies. Unlike the Sugar Act which affected imported goods and merchant the Stamp Act mostly affected the colonies. • How did the Stamp Act differ from previous taxes imposed on the colonies? • In colonial assemblies and newspapers took up the cry, “No taxation without representation”.

8. The colonies protest the stamp act • In October 1765 nine colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York City as a protest. • Colonial merchants organized a boycott of British goods because of all the taxes of them. • At the same time their were secret formed groups to oppose British policies. The most famous of these groups was the Sons of Liberty. • The Sons of Liberty were lawyers, merchants, and craftspeople. • In what ways did the colonists challenge the Stamp Act? • Why did the colonist boycott goods? • Who were the sons of Liberty?

9. Part 2 • Finally Parliament realized the Stamp Act was a mistake and repealed it in 1766. • What eventually became of the stamp act? • After the Stamp Act was repealed the Americans celebrated, but Parliament passed another law the Declaratory Act. • This gave Parliament supreme authority to govern the colonies. • Why was it important for Parliament to govern the colonies?

10. Key terms and names • King George 3rd- he was the British monarch, wanted to enforce the proclamtion and keep peace with Britain's Native American allies. In order to do this he decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies. • Quartering Act- a cost-saving measure that required the colonies to quarter, or house, British soldiers and provide them with supplies. Most troops were sent to New York. • revenue- income, Britain needed more income to meet its expenses from the war. • Sugar Act- was a law that placed tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. • tyranny- is a harsh and oppressive government or rule, James Otis said, “Taxation without representation is tyranny”. He means that they shouldn’t be taxed without the representation of Parliament and the government was being cruel. • Stamp Act- required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid. • Patrick Henry- he was a member of Virginia’s House of Burgess and called for resistance to the tax. • boycott- is a refusal to buy. To colonial merchants organized a boycott of British goods as a protest • Sons of Liberty- were a famous groups of secret societies to oppose British policies. Most of this group were lawyers, merchants, and craftspeople.