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GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES

Explore the innovative applications of plant biotechnology in enhancing crop traits, from stress tolerance to quality improvement. Learn about genetic manipulation, biopharmaceutical advancements, and future prospects in this dynamic field. Stay informed on regulatory mechanisms and international agreements shaping the biotech landscape.

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GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES

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  1. GLOBAL CONSULTATIONONGENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES

  2. “PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY” TABITHA GNANAPRIYA

  3. Biotechnology in crop plants • Biotic stress -insect pest resistant Bt cotton against boll worm -Disease resistant Grape vine against pierce’s disease -Antiviral papaya against papaya ringspot virus -Herbicide tolerance Roundup ready soyabean

  4. Abiotic stress -Salt tolerance Arabidopsis AtNHX1- Brassica napus -Drought tolerance DREB genes -Acid tolerance Wheat Almt1- barley

  5. Improved quality • Shelf life • Flavr-savr tomato • Vitamin • Golden rice • polyunsaturated fatty acids • Canola- laurate and myristate • Essential minerals • Soyabean ferritin- rice • Plant based vaccines • Banana against hepatits B

  6. Fungal biotechnology Host for expressing heterologous proteins 1-Saccharomyces cerevisiae GRAS Human interferon Human epidermal growth factor Surface antigen of hepatitis B virus 2-Pichia pastoris Tight and strong promoter AOX1 (30%) Hirudin (Hirudo medicinalis) 3-Hansenula polymorpha Tightly regulated and strong promoter MOX (37%) Expression depends on glucose concentration

  7. Production of commercial enzymes • Lipase- lipolase novo nordisk- humicola lanuginose in aspergillus oryzae Secondary metabolites • Immunosuppressive agent- cyclosporin A- tolypocladium nivenum • Hypocholesterolemic agents- lovastatin- monascus ruber • Antitumor agents- taxol- taxomyces andreanae • Mycotoxin- ergot- claviceps spp

  8. Future prospects • Alternate host Aspergillus sojae • Improve expression and secretion of non-fungal proteins • Molecular techniques to carry out metabolic engineering • Overall analysis of gene expression

  9. Biopharmaceuticals

  10. Levels of genetic manipulation • Cloning of genes • Plant regeneration • High-throughput screening system • Genomic tools and resources • Regulatory mechanism

  11. Novel Distinct Uniform and stable Utility UPOV 1961, 1978, 1991 TRIPS 1994 ITPGRFA 2004 IPR

  12. UPOV- 1961, 1978, 1991 • Novel, distinct, uniform and stable but no innovative step • 1978- profit for breeders • 1991- permission required

  13. TRIPS-1994 • Mandatory for WTO members • Some form of IP protection • Patent • Sui generis system African union save, use, multiply but not to sell

  14. ITPGRFA- 2004 • Multilateral system • Access and benefit sharing • Sharing of technology • Updated Farmers rights Encourage for protection of TK Sharing benefits Decision making

  15. Future • Donating technology • Public-private partnership • Cross licensing • acquisition

  16. Thanks For Your Kind Attention...........

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