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Extending Bertini Cascade Model with Kaons: Improving Hadronic Interaction Simulation

At a conference in 2004, experts detailed the reasons for extending the Bertini Cascade Model, including handling strange particles at lower energies. This outline covers the model extension process, added cross sections, code changes, early results, and future plans for enhancements and further extensions.

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Extending Bertini Cascade Model with Kaons: Improving Hadronic Interaction Simulation

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  1. Dennis Wright (SLAC) and Aatos Heikkinen (HIP) Interlaken, Switzerland 27th September - 1st October, 2004 Adding Kaons to the Bertini Cascade Model

  2. Outline • Reasons for the extension • How the model was extended • elementary cross sections • number of particle types treated • code changes • Early results • Plans • improvements, further extensions 1

  3. Reasons to Extend the Bertini Cascade • No existing Geant4 hadronic model does a reasonable job handling strange particle interactions at 0 < E < 5 GeV • only LEP model handles kaons at all in this region • Low energy kaons (and other strange particles) are important for BaBar and hadron calorimetry in higher energy experiments • Bertini cascade has been demonstrated to work fairly well for pions and nucleons • Bertini cascade model is relatively easy to extend to strange particles 1

  4. Adding New Cross Sections • Model assumes particles travel through a nucleus and interact with nucleons according the free particle cross sections • Need K+ p, K+ n, K- p, K- n cross sections from 0 to 15 GeV • For subsequent intra-nuclear interactions need everything else: • K0, K0bar, L, S+, S0, S-, X0, X- (W- -ignored) • no resonances • manycrosssectionsavailablefromCERNparticlecatalogs • many others ( K0 p, L n, ... ) require isospin arguments, guesswork • K0 p = K+ n • K0bar n = K- p • up to 7-body final states are important (and have been measured) 1

  5. Code Changes • New classes • G4CascadeKplusNChannel, G4CascadeLambdaPChannel, ... • Contain final state particle types, elementary cross section, multiplicity data from T = 0 – 15 GeV • Add strange particle branches for generation of multiplicity and final states • G4ElementaryParticleCollider • G4NucleiModel • Other classes changed: • G4InuclElementaryParticle • G4CascadeInterface 1

  6. Significant non-changes • Use existing angular distribution parameterizations • Use existing final state momentum partition parameterizations • Use existing pion nuclear potential (hard-sphere 7 MeV deep) • No nucleon-nucleon correlations added for kaons • Strange particle production (by incident pi, n, p) not added • No resonances added 1

  7. Early Results 1

  8. Early Results 1

  9. Early Results 1

  10. Early Results 1

  11. Improvements • Find better nuclear potentials for K, L • Should be deeper • Install pi, p, n – induced strange particle production • cross sections exist • If correlations are important, add absorption on quasi-deuterons • Parameterize and use measured angular distributions for finals states induced by kaons • Extend to incident hyperons? 1

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