Learning from Textbooks and Lectures

1. Learning from Textbooks and Lectures Study Skills- Chapter 8 & 9

2. Contents I. Learning and Studying Strategies II. Learning from Textbooks III. Learning from Lectures

3. I. Learning and Studying Strategies • Preparation • Motivation • Note-taking and long-term memory • Steps in learning strategies: before, during and after.

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5. II. Learning from Textbooks • What does research tell us about good readers? • What learning strategies can I use to improve my reading comprehension and retention?

6. II.1. What does research tell us about good readers? • Determining importance • Good readers identify main ideas and separate them from examples and supporting details. Poor readers often underline or highlight text as they read and do not differentiate between important and less important ideas • Summarizing information • Good readers summarize information by reviewing all the ideas in a passage or chapter, differentiate important from unimportant ideas, and then synthesize the ideas to create a statement that represents the meaning of the passage or chapter. Poor readers do not stop to summarize what they have read. • Drawing inferences • Good readers use inferencing extensively to fill in details omitted in a text and to elaborate on what they read. They ask questions like: What is the author implying? What is the implication of the actions suggested in the passage? How do these ideas relate to other points of view on the issue? Poor readers rarely go beyond the written words in the text.

7. Generating questions • Good readers maintain active involvement by generating questions and attempting to answer them while they read. Poor readers tend to be more passive and fail to generate such questions. • Monitoring comprehension • Good readers are not only aware of the quality and degree of their understanding but know what to do and how to do it when they fail to comprehend material. Poor readers fail to monitor their understanding. As a result, they frequently rely on others to determine their degree of understanding.

8. Exercise

10. II.2. What learning strategies can I use to improve my reading comprehension and retention? • Before reading: • Preview the book for learning aids • Chapter objectives or questions • Glossaries • Boldface or italics • Answers to problems or exercises • Summary or review sections • Tables and figures • Research or application boxes • Survey the assignment before each reading session • Read questions provided at the beginning or end of each chapter

11. During reading • Think of the text as a conversation between the author and yourself • Turn the headings in your textbook into questions and answer them • Underline and annotate textbooks • Comprehension monitoring

12. The following are some common reading problems and possible strategies to solve them:

13. After reading • Answer out loud the questions • Consider summarizing the material • Consider outlining the material • Consider presenting or mapping the material

15. III. Learning from Lectures • Analyzing note-taking strategies • Strategies for better notes

16. III.1. Analyzing note-taking strategies

18. III.2. Strategies for better notes • Before the lecture • Complete assigned readings before class • Review notes from the previous class • Bring all necessary materials (e.g., Notebook, Pen, Handouts, Syllabus, and Textbook) • Sit toward the front of the room if you have difficult concentrating. • Date and number each day’s notes

19. During the lecture • Listen carefully to the instructors and take notes that focus on main ideas and supporting ideas. • Condense the main ideas by using abbreviations • Use an indenting form for writing notes. • Skip two lines when instructors move to another idea.

21. After the lecture • Add any information from the lecturers that you didn’t write down • Locate the information that you didn’t understand • Think about notes as answers to questions • Underline a key term or phrases that triggers an answer • Read the key terms to recall the information • Cover the notes with a blank sheet and attempt to answer questions. • Write a summary question