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Drivers of Ethiopian Farmers' Soil & Water Conservation Practices: A Study by ILRI-IWMI Intern

Explore the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers' soil and water conservation practices through a theoretical framework, descriptive statistics, empirical models, and estimated results. Conducted at the CGIAR Addis Ababa Research Center, the study analyzes factors influencing the adoption of various techniques by farmers, based on a dataset from IFPRI 2005. Results show that technology type, market access, wealth, labor availability, and land characteristics play crucial roles in the adoption of specific practices. The study contributes to existing literature reviews and offers insights for further research towards improving rural livelihoods and sustainable agriculture practices in Ethiopia.

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Drivers of Ethiopian Farmers' Soil & Water Conservation Practices: A Study by ILRI-IWMI Intern

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  1. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2011-2012 What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices? ILRI-IWMI(CGIAR), AddisAbabaResearch Center May -August 2011 Defourny Noémie Local supervisor: Dr. Pfeifer

  2. PLAN 1. Host Organization Description 2. Nile Basin Development Challenge 3. Economical Question: What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices? - Theoreticalframework - Descriptive Statistics - EmpiricalModels - EstimatedResults - Conclusions

  3. HOST ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR, 15 Institutes, 1971) Public Good Provider Non-rival & Excludable; Externalities Economies of Scope and Scale MissionReducing Hunger And Poverty Improve rural livelihoods through agricultural productivity AddisAbaba Campus (4 CGIAR Institutes, 12 hostedorganization) • Int. Water Management Institute (IWMI) - USD30.09million Water for a food-secureworld: water availability, access, quality, productive uses - Nile Basin Development Challenge • Int. LivestockResearch Institute (ILRI)- USD34.4million Betterlifesthroughlivestock: genetics, livestockmarketopportunities, cropresidues - Exploring static biophysical models at household level - Designing Boneya’s meeting aimed at assessing feasibility of research analysis results & solutions

  4. Nile Basin DevelopmentChallenge (NBDC ,2010-) 5 linkedprojectstoward a coreobjective: improve the resilience of rural livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands through a landscape approach to rainwater management. Project 3 : Targeting and scaling out of rainwater management systemsby taking a watershed approach:tailoring a set of best bet practices & technologies to the environmental needs at landscape level. Steps : Mapping Willingness of Adoption Creating feasibility maps for rainwater management strategies that include socio-economic constraints. Internship task (2/3 intern work) in order to define adoption rules : - Cleaning, restructuration, description, analysis of NBDC Data set (IFPRI, 2005) - Run first trials of technology adoption models Integrating socio-economic features into feasibility maps Biophysical suitability Willingness to adopt SWC technic • Identifyrainwater management system working best • Identifywhere in the basin (Map) • Analyze best land use system for • differents parts of the basin (water • productivity, livelihoods& ecobenefits Feasibility map

  5. WHAT ARE THE MAIN DRIVERS BEHIND ETHIOPIAN FARMERS SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION (SWC) PRACTICES? Theoretical Framework based on LiteratureReview - Selection of adoption model estimation among 3 methods(probit/logit/bivariate probit) Adoption decisioncorresponds to a binarydependent variable j = 1, 0 & i= 1, n Multivariate decision Limited dependent variable (LDV) model  Probit (non-linear probability model) Estimation methodchoice: MLE due to non-linearfeature • Interpretational implications : Unsatisfied BLUE criteria; magnitude R² no good measure model fitnessPseudo-r² - Determining factors affecting soil conservations decision No strong foundation in economic theory SWCtechnique performancesare location-specific • Identification regressors in the light of previous studies in Ethiopia [Amsaluand de Graff (2006); Bekele and Drake (2003)] Factors categories: Personal, physical, socio-economics, institutionalfactors (Lapar et al., 1999)

  6. Data Description (IFPRI 2005) Cross-sectionaldata set in Stata 10.0. Attributs9 agric. and socio-eco. topics, 10 attributes per topic. Sample size 1,000 households / 6,000 plots/ 6,168 individuals. 5 regions, 20 districts, 13 zones and 20 woredas, 50 households per woreda. EmpiricalModels Selection of 3 dependent variables of interestamongavailableSWCtechnics variables. Control variables : Biophysical restrictions

  7. Independent Variables

  8. RESULTS Estimated coefficients and their significance for the 3 SWC adoption Probit Equations .008 .021 .186

  9. RESULTSANALYSIS • Drivers of SWC techniques adoption are specific on technology type. • Adoption of Pump as a Water management strategy technology Good marketaccess, wealthier or productive peasant. Large supply of internlabor, owning animal for production process, willing to hirelabor and farmer’sknowledgethroughDA’sadvice. • Adopting Planting tree as a SWC technique Knowledgeaccess and laboravailability. Plots close to homestead, whensmallerfarm: strongerconcern of securing land, youngerfarmer, • Adoption of SC techniques (Soil bunds, Stone bunds, Grass Stripes and Plouhging contour) Less wealthy farmers Withoutoxen, lesslikely to hirelabor, smaller land the more likelySWCtechnicswillbeimplemented, highlyfragmentedlandholding,furtheraway to the market. CONCLUSIONS • Results compatible withexistingliteraturereview but more specificsallowing to differentiate adoption betweenvarioursSWCpratices. • IFPRI 2005 datasetready for furthermodelingtowardNBCD objectives.

  10. Thankyou for your attention!

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