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What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices ?

INTERNSHIP REPORT 2011-2012. What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices ?. ILRI-IWMI ( CGIAR ), Addis Ababa Research Center May -August 2011. Defourny Noémie Local supervisor : Dr. Pfeifer. PLAN 1. Host Organization Description

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What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices ?

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  1. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2011-2012 What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices? ILRI-IWMI(CGIAR), AddisAbabaResearch Center May -August 2011 Defourny Noémie Local supervisor: Dr. Pfeifer

  2. PLAN 1. Host Organization Description 2. Nile Basin Development Challenge 3. Economical Question: What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices? - Theoreticalframework - Descriptive Statistics - EmpiricalModels - EstimatedResults - Conclusions

  3. HOST ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR, 15 Institutes, 1971) Public Good Provider Non-rival & Excludable; Externalities Economies of Scope and Scale MissionReducing Hunger And Poverty Improve rural livelihoods through agricultural productivity AddisAbaba Campus (4 CGIAR Institutes, 12 hostedorganization) • Int. Water Management Institute (IWMI) - USD30.09million Water for a food-secureworld: water availability, access, quality, productive uses - Nile Basin Development Challenge • Int. LivestockResearch Institute (ILRI)- USD34.4million Betterlifesthroughlivestock: genetics, livestockmarketopportunities, cropresidues - Exploring static biophysical models at household level - Designing Boneya’s meeting aimed at assessing feasibility of research analysis results & solutions

  4. Nile Basin DevelopmentChallenge (NBDC ,2010-) 5 linkedprojectstoward a coreobjective: improve the resilience of rural livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands through a landscape approach to rainwater management. Project 3 : Targeting and scaling out of rainwater management systemsby taking a watershed approach:tailoring a set of best bet practices & technologies to the environmental needs at landscape level. Steps : Mapping Willingness of Adoption Creating feasibility maps for rainwater management strategies that include socio-economic constraints. Internship task (2/3 intern work) in order to define adoption rules : - Cleaning, restructuration, description, analysis of NBDC Data set (IFPRI, 2005) - Run first trials of technology adoption models Integrating socio-economic features into feasibility maps Biophysical suitability Willingness to adopt SWC technic • Identifyrainwater management system working best • Identifywhere in the basin (Map) • Analyze best land use system for • differents parts of the basin (water • productivity, livelihoods& ecobenefits Feasibility map

  5. WHAT ARE THE MAIN DRIVERS BEHIND ETHIOPIAN FARMERS SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION (SWC) PRACTICES? Theoretical Framework based on LiteratureReview - Selection of adoption model estimation among 3 methods(probit/logit/bivariate probit) Adoption decisioncorresponds to a binarydependent variable j = 1, 0 & i= 1, n Multivariate decision Limited dependent variable (LDV) model  Probit (non-linear probability model) Estimation methodchoice: MLE due to non-linearfeature • Interpretational implications : Unsatisfied BLUE criteria; magnitude R² no good measure model fitnessPseudo-r² - Determining factors affecting soil conservations decision No strong foundation in economic theory SWCtechnique performancesare location-specific • Identification regressors in the light of previous studies in Ethiopia [Amsaluand de Graff (2006); Bekele and Drake (2003)] Factors categories: Personal, physical, socio-economics, institutionalfactors (Lapar et al., 1999)

  6. Data Description (IFPRI 2005) Cross-sectionaldata set in Stata 10.0. Attributs9 agric. and socio-eco. topics, 10 attributes per topic. Sample size 1,000 households / 6,000 plots/ 6,168 individuals. 5 regions, 20 districts, 13 zones and 20 woredas, 50 households per woreda. EmpiricalModels Selection of 3 dependent variables of interestamongavailableSWCtechnics variables. Control variables : Biophysical restrictions

  7. Independent Variables

  8. RESULTS Estimated coefficients and their significance for the 3 SWC adoption Probit Equations .008 .021 .186

  9. RESULTSANALYSIS • Drivers of SWC techniques adoption are specific on technology type. • Adoption of Pump as a Water management strategy technology Good marketaccess, wealthier or productive peasant. Large supply of internlabor, owning animal for production process, willing to hirelabor and farmer’sknowledgethroughDA’sadvice. • Adopting Planting tree as a SWC technique Knowledgeaccess and laboravailability. Plots close to homestead, whensmallerfarm: strongerconcern of securing land, youngerfarmer, • Adoption of SC techniques (Soil bunds, Stone bunds, Grass Stripes and Plouhging contour) Less wealthy farmers Withoutoxen, lesslikely to hirelabor, smaller land the more likelySWCtechnicswillbeimplemented, highlyfragmentedlandholding,furtheraway to the market. CONCLUSIONS • Results compatible withexistingliteraturereview but more specificsallowing to differentiate adoption betweenvarioursSWCpratices. • IFPRI 2005 datasetready for furthermodelingtowardNBCD objectives.

  10. Thankyou for your attention!

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