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Importance of the Judicial Branch

Importance of the Judicial Branch. November 5, 2012. I can…. List the duties and responsibilities of the Judicial Branch. Explain the importance of the Supreme Court. What is the Supreme Court?. Highest court in the United States Reviews laws that are passed by Congress Constitution

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Importance of the Judicial Branch

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  1. Importance of the Judicial Branch November 5, 2012

  2. I can… • List the duties and responsibilities of the Judicial Branch. • Explain the importance of the Supreme Court.

  3. What is the Supreme Court? • Highest court in the United States • Reviews laws that are passed by Congress • Constitution • Final word • Lower court appeals • Fewer than 150 cases are reviewed by the S.C each year

  4. Who makes up the Supreme Court? • 9 justices (judges) • Chief Justice (head judge) • Chief Justice John Roberts • 8 associate justices • Sandra Day O’Connor-1981 • All justices are appointed by the President • Term • Life…

  5. Brown v. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas) 1950-1954

  6. Key People Key Vocabulary • Segregation: the separation of people based on race. • Discrimination: the mistreatment of people based on race, religion, money, etc… • Appeal: ask another court to make a decision on your case. • NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Linda Brown: student • Oliver Brown: father • Thurgood Marshall: lawyer • Earl Warren: Chief Justice

  7. The Setting • Topeka, Kansas • 1954 • Segregated South

  8. What happened? • Linda Brown • African American • 3rd grader • Topeka Local Schools • Segregated schools • Denied Linda Brown to enroll in a “white only” school in the summer of 1950

  9. To court we go! • Plessy v. Fergusson • 1892 ruling by the Supreme Court allowed the segregation of black and white citizens. • “Separate but equal” • Brown v. Board of Education (1950) • Challenged on the basis of “separate but equal” • Per pupil spending • Buildings • Class size • SEPARATE WAS NOT EQUAL! • Local court ruled in favor of school • Appealed to state court • State court also ruled in favor of school • Appealed to the Supreme Court (October 1951)

  10. Supreme Court hears the case • December 1952 first hears the case • “Board” lawyers argue that nobody saw a problem segregation in schools. • “Brown” lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued that segregation was illegal unless there was proof that black and white children were different. • Justices discussed the case for months then asked the lawyers to present their arguments again. • During discussions, one of the justices died and had to be replaced. • December 1953 the case was presented yet again…

  11. Finally, a decision is made! • May 17, 1954 • Supreme Court unanimously (9-0) votes in favor of the Browns. • “Separate is not equal” Possible Test Question How does the Supreme Court protect citizens of the United States from being treated unfairly?

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